Dynamics of Circular Motion

Types of Circular Motion Centripetal Force Centripetal Acceleration Horizontal Circle Vertical Circle Banking of Curves Conical Pendulum

CIRCULAR MOTION
- Motion of a body in a curved path TYPES: Uniform Circular Motion, UCM motion with constant speed Ex. A car rounding an oval at 30 KPH Non-Uniform circular Motion, NUCM a roller coaster car that slows down and speeds up as it moves around a vertical loop.

S
c

Conversion: 1 rev = 360 = 2 rad

r
V

Concept in Uniform Circular Motion

5.3 Centripetal Force

Recall Newtons Second Law

When a net external force acts on an object of mass m, the acceleration that results is directly proportional to the net force and has a magnitude that is inversely proportional to the mass. The direction of the acceleration is the same as the direction of the net force.

F ma

Definition of Terms

rectilinear

5.3 Centripetal Force

Thus, in uniform circular motion there must be a net force to produce the centripetal acceleration.
The centripetal force is the name given to the net force required to keep an object moving on a circular path. The direction of the centripetal force always points toward the center of the circle and continually changes direction as the object moves.

v Fc ma c m r

Uniform Circular Motion

Period, T - time it takes for the object to travel once around the circle. (sec) = 1/
Frequency, f no. of cycles/revolutions per unit time (rev/sec, cycles/sec, hertz)

Summary

Sample Problems
A Tire-Balancing Machine 1. The wheel of a car has a radius of 0.29m and it being rotated at 830 revolutions per minute on a tire-balancing machine. Determine the speed at which the outer edge of the wheel is moving. The Effect of Speed on Centripetal Force 2. The model airplane has a mass of 0.90 kg and moves at constant speed on a circle that is parallel to the ground. The path of the airplane and the guideline lie in the same horizontal plane because the weight of the plane is balanced by the lift generated by its wings. Find the tension in the 17 m guideline for a speed of 19 m/s.

Sample Problems

3.

4.

5.

If the oval will be flat, what must be the what must be the coefficient of friction between the tires and the road so the cyclist can turn safely?

Sample Problems
6.

7.
vertical.

A Body Moving In Circular Path on a Flat Horizontal Surface

Forces Acting on a Body When Rotated forming a Vertical Circle (when along the horizontal)

Vertical Circular Motion

v FN 1 mg m r FN 2 FN 4 v m r v m r
2 4 2 2

2 1

v FN 3 mg m r

2 3

Vertical Circle A Rotating Ferris Wheel

Verti

Banked Curves

On an unbanked curve, the static frictional force provides the centripetal force.

Car Rounding a Flat Curve at Constant Speed

Banked Curves ( Neglecting Friction) n

n cos

v Fc n sin m r

n cos mg

v2 tan rg

Conical Pendulum