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WHAT IS AUTOCAD ?
AutoCAD is a CAD (Computer Aided Design or Computer Aided Drafting) software application for 2D and 3D design and drafting. It is developed and sold by Autodesk, Inc. First released in December 1982, AutoCAD was one of the first CAD programs to run on personal computers.
AutoCAD is a Computer Aided Design (CAD) program used by just about every Engineering and Design office in the world. Although there are alternative CAD packages, AutoCAD is by far the most widely used system. Autodesk's AutoCAD is the industry leader in CAD packages. Used by Civil Engineers, Architects, Mechanical and Electrical Engineers, Aeronautical Engineers plus many other disciplines. There have been several versions of Autocad over the years, with each new version introducing new and more powerful features than its predecessor
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WHAT IS CAD?
Computer aided design is a creative design process that is based on a computer system. It can be either hardware or software based; however, it is usually a software based program that is used for design purposes. This design process uses computer technology to assist certain types of professionals in the design and drawing of technical drawings. Computer aided design is also
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AUTOCAD WINDOW
Coordinate Display
Status Line
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Drawing Area
The large area in the center of the screen. This is where you draw. The size can be changed at any time.
Model
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CrossHairs/ Cursor
draw objects.
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Command Line
The three lines at the bottom of the screen. This is where you enter commands and AutoCAD will prompt you to input information.
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Status Bar
Displays your content settings The settings can be turned on/off by clicking on the word (SNAP, GRID, ORTHO, etc) or by pressing the function keys associated with each.
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2. Introducing Tool Bars You can see there is a number of different tool bars on the screen. The main tool bar which is located under the Menu bar. These are the most frequently used tool bars. If you place your mouse on it and right click, you will get a list of other tool bars that you may want to display (by scrolling down and clicking on them).
This tool bar offers different ways of
This tool bar offers different shapes and objects to draw. You can see what they do by putting your mouse on each one and waiting until a balloon with description pops up.
editing your drawing(s). *Remember the name of the command that pops up in the help balloon by putting your mouse over each button. If you remember the command, you can later type it in the command line and achieve the same result.
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Toolbars
There are many toolbars available in AutoCAD. Go to View > Toolbars from the drop down menu
to see them all. For now make sure that the following toolbars are checked:
Draw - Contains AutoCADs most common drawing tools
Modify - Contains all of the common editing commands such as erase, copy etc. Object Properties - Contains 'layer' information as well as object colours and line style options. Standard Toolbar - Contains open & save options as well as zoom & pan options. Object Snap - AutoCAD's intelligent drawing aid - joins lines at specific points.
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Any point in CAD can be located precisely using X, Y and Z coordinates. The Cartesian coordinate system has three axes: X, Y, and Z that intersect at the origin (0,0,0). Coordinate values are always expressed as: (X, Y, Z)
Coordinates in CAD:
ANGLES in CAD:
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Absolute Coordinates
All input points specify in your drawing using standard Cartesian coordinates x and y. Using absolute coordinate, points entered by typing x,y [Enter]
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Relative Coordinates
After first points entered, your next points can be entered by specifying the next coordinate compare/relative from the first points. The relative coordinate started with symbol @ tell AutoCAD it was a relative coordinates. Using relative coordinate, points entered by typing @x,y [Enter]
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Polar Coordinates
Polar coordinates used when you need to draw the next points at specify angle. Polar coordinates system in AutoCAD specifies distance length at which angle. Using polar coordinate, points entered by typing @distance<angle [Enter]
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Function Keys
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6
F7 F8 F9 F10 F11
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In the ABSOLUTE mode: Displays the location of the crosshairs/ cursor in reference to the origin. The first number represents the horizontal (x axis) and the second number represents the vertical (y axis).
In RELATIVE POLAR mode: displays the distance and angle of the cursor from the last point entered.
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SNAP (F9)
Increment Snap controls the movement of the cursor. If it is off the cursor will move smoothly. If it is ON, the cursor will jump in an incremental movement. The increment spacing can be changed, at any time using TOOLS/DRAFTING SETTINGS. The
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GRID (F7)
The grid is merely a visual drawing aid. The default spacing is 1 unit. You may change the grid spacing at any time using: TOOLS/DRAFTING SETTINGS.
ORTHO (F8)
When ORTHO is ON, the cursor movement is restricted to horizontal or vertical. When ORTHO is OFF, the cursor is free to move.
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POLAR (F10)
OSNAP (F3)
RUNNING OBJECT SNAP- specific object snaps can be set to stay active until you
turn them off.
OTRACK (F11)
OBJECT SNAP TRACKING creates alignment paths at precise positions using object snap locations.
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3. Polygon This command is used to draw the figure of three sides or more than three sides, you can choose the command from your toolbar or write Pol at command prompt.
4.Rectangle This command is used to draw the rectangle, you can choose the command from your toolbar or you can write Rec at command prompt 5.Arc This command is used to draw the arc, you can choose the command directly from your toolbar or write A at command prompt 6.Xline This command is used to draw the construction line, you can choose the command from your toolbar or write XL at command prompt 7. Erase- This command is used to draw erase the objects, you can choose the command from your toolbar or can E at command prompt 8. Copy - This command is used to copy the objects, you can choose the command from your toolbar or write Cp at command prompt
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10. Mirror-this command is used to mirror the objects you can choose the command from your toolbar or write Mi at command prompt
11. Rotate- this command is used to rotate the objects you can choose the command from your toolbar or write Ro at command prompt 12. Offset- this command is used to offset the objects you can choose the command from your toolbar or write O at command prompt 13. Array- this command is used to array the objects you can choose the command from your toolbar or write Ar at command prompt 14. Scale- this command is use to scale the drawing you can choose the command from your toolbar or write Sc at command prompt. 15. Stretch- this command is use to stretch the drawing you can choose the command from your toolbar or write Stretch at command prompt 16. Trim- this command is use to trim the two corners you can choose the command from your toolbar or write Tr at command prompt.
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18. Fillet- this command is use join the two corners with the help of an arc you can choose the command from your toolbar or write F at command prompt.
19. Chamfer- this command is use to chamfer the two corners you can choose the command from your toolbar or write Cha at command prompt. 20. Explode - this command is use to explode the single identity pf an object. You can explode hatch, dimensions and blocks any thing which is in group form choose the command from your toolbar or write Explode at command prompt. 21. Break - this command is use to break the line or circle between the two points choose the command from your toolbar or write Br at command prompt. 22. Polyline - this command is use to draw the line composed of one or more connected line segments or circular arcs treated as a single object. Choose the command from your toolbar or write Pl at command prompt.
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24. Dtext - this command is use to write the text. Write DT at command prompt.
25. Mtext - this command is use to write the multi line text. Choose the command from your toolbar or write MT at command prompt. 26. Edit text - this command is use to edit the text you can edit or change both kind of text DT and MT, write Ed at command prompt.
27. Make Block - this command is use to make the block of some single objects you can use these block in your drawing any time choose the command from your toolbar or write Block at command prompt.
28. Insert Block - This command is use to insert the block in your drawing choose the command from your toolbar or write Insert at command prompt.
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Diameter Dimension - this option is used to give the diameter of the circles and arc.
Centre mark - This command is used to mark the centre of the circles and arc. Quick leader - This command is used to specify the notes for anything, click on this sign Dimension style you can change dimension style of dimensions, you can give more than one style to your dimensions for this you have to click on Format than choose dimension style or you can just write Dimstyle at command prompt a box will appear, you can create new styles, sets the current style, modifies styles, sets overrides on the current style Current Dim style it Display the current dimension style. AutoCAD assigns this style to all dimensions. If you do not change the current style, AutoCAD assigns the default STANDARD style to dimensions.
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d) Point This command is used to make mark the point select the command from toolbar or write Po at command prompt.
Po Specify a point: click where you want to locate the point, from point style menu you can select the type of point you required, for this click on format than on point style a box will appear with all the points just click the required one.
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d) Point This command is used to make mark the point select the command from toolbar or write Po at command prompt.
Po Specify a point: click where you want to locate the point, from point style menu you can select the type of point you required, for this click on format than on point style a box will appear with all the points just click the required one. %%c for diameter sign %%d for degree sign edit command is used to edit our dimension
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EL Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center/Isocircle]: Specify a point or enter the value (@distance Specify other endpoint of axis: Specify a point or enter the value (@distance Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: Specify a distance by entering a value or locating a point
Specify rotation around major axis: Specify a point (3), or enter an angle value between 0 and 89.4 (P.S. you can also draw isocircle when click right button your mouse at Snap button setting box will open now select the isometric option and you will be able to draw isocircle) f) Divide This command is used to divide the line in equal parts write Div at command prompt. Div Select object to divide: select he object you want to divide Enter number of segments: Enter a value; object will divide if you not able to see than change the style of point.
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Primitive Solid
SHAPE BOX COMMAND DESCRIPTION
Creates a solid box after you provide 2 opposite corners and a height.
Creates a solid sphere from a center point and radius.
SPHERE
CYLINDER
WEDGE
TORUS
PYRAMID
POLYSOLID
Draws a solid object with width and height as you would draw a polyline.
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Boolean Operations
COMMAND INPUT DESCRIPTION
UNION (Boolean)
UNION / UNI
Joins two or more solids into creating one based on the total geometry of all. Subtracts one or more solids from another creating a solid based on the remaining geometry.
SUBTRACT (Boolean)
SUBTRACT / SU
INTERSECT (Boolean)
INTERSECT / IN
Creates a single solid from one more solids based on the intersected geometry. Allows you to increase the size of a solid by extruding out one of its faces. Slices a solid along a cutting plane. Aligns 2 3D Objects in 3D space.
EXTRUDE FACE
SLICE 3D ALIGN
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Shortcut
Draw Shortcut
L
XL
Modify Command
LINE
CONSTURCTION LINE
Shortcut
E
CO
Command
ERASE
COPY
PL
POL REC A C REVCLOUD SPL EL I B W H DT T
POLYLINE
POLYGON RECTANG ARC CIRCLE REVCLOUD SPLINE ELLIPSE INSERT BLOCK DEFINE BLOCK WRITE BLOCK HATCHING TEXT (SINGLE LINE) MTEXT (MULTILINE)
MI
O AR M RO SC S TR EX BR J CHA F X
MIRROR
OFFSET ARRAY MOVE ROTATE SCALE STRETCH TRIM EXTEND BREAK, BREAK AT POINT JOIN CHAMFER FILLET EXPLODE
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Shortcut
Other Useful Commands Shortcut
PE OP DI AREA MASSPROP LTSCALE PSLTSCALE LA LI
3D Modeling Shortcut
BOX SPHERE CYL CONE WE TOR EXT REV 3D
Command
POLY EDIT OPTION DIST AREA MASSPROP LINETYPESCALE PAPER SPACE LT SCALE LAYER LIST
Command
BOX SPHERE CLYINDER CONE WEDGE TORUS EXTRUDE REVOLVE 3D SURFACE
Z
P
ZOOM
PAN
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Shortcut
3D Modify Shortcut
UNI SU IN SEC SL INF
Command
UNION SUBTRACT INTERSECT SECTION SLICE INTERFERE
Shortcut
ROTATE3D MIRROR3D AL 3DARRAY SOLIDEIDT
Command
ROTATE 3D MIRROR3D ALIGN 3DARRAY SOLIDEDIT
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