18th October

Enzyme Action
Learning objective: to describe different models for
enzyme action and to investigate factors which control the
rate of an enzyme reaction
Lock and Key
 Lock and Key
However certain substances can bind to the enzyme at sites other than the
Active site and modify its activity (inhibitors/co-factors)

Idea that the enzyme is flexible

Induced Fit
 Enzyme reactions

enzyme + substrate enzyme-substrate complex

 Enzyme reactions

enzyme + substrate enzyme-substrate complex

E +S ES
 Enzyme reactions
enzyme + substrate enzyme-substrate complex

E +S ES

enzyme-substrate complex enzyme + product

ES E +P
 Enzyme activity
How fast an enzyme is working
Rate of Reaction
 Enzyme activity
How fast an enzyme is working
Rate of Reaction

Rate of Reaction = Amount of substrate changed (or amount product formed)

in a given period of time.
 Enzyme activity

Rate of Reaction

Variable you are looking at

 Enzyme activity

Four Variables
 Enzyme activity

Temperature
pH
Four Variables
Enzyme Concentration

Substrate Concentration
Rate of Reaction
Temperature
 Temperature

Rate of Reaction

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
 5- 40oC Temperature
Increase in Activity

40oC - denatures

Rate of Reaction

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

<5oC - inactive
 Effect of heat on enzyme activty
If you heat the protein above its optimal temperature
bonds break
meaning the protein loses it secondary and tertiary structure
Effect of heat on enzyme activty

Denaturing the protein

 Effect of heat on enzyme activty

Denaturing the protein

ACTIVE SITE CHANGES SHAPE
SO SUBSTRATE NO LONGER FITS

Even if temperature lowered – enzyme can’t regain its correct shape

Rate of Reaction
pH
 Rate of Reaction

1
2
3
4
5
pH

6
7
8
9
 pH
Narrow pH optima

Rate of Reaction

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
 pH
Narrow pH optima

Rate of Reaction

WHY?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
 pH
Narrow pH optima
Rate of Reaction

Disrupt Ionic bonds - Structure

Effect charged residues at active

site

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Enzyme Concentration

Rate of Reaction
Enzyme Concentration

Rate of Reaction

Enzyme Concentration
Substrate Concentration

Rate of Reaction
Substrate Concentration

Rate of Reaction

Substrate Concentration
Substrate Concentration
Active sites full- maximum turnover
Rate of Reaction

Substrate Concentration
This powerpoint was kindly donated to
www.worldofteaching.com

http://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a

thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a
completely free site and requires no registration. Please
visit and I hope it will help in your teaching.