Designing Electronic Learning

Environments
 What is ID?
• Several definitions offered on p30
It is the process of designing and developing
instructional materials, using scientific
principles about how people learn, to
maximise the acquisition of skills,
knowledge and attitudes.
• Generally, the ADDIE model is used
The Addie-model
Analysis

Design

Development

Revise Implement

Evaluate
 Analysis
• Based on the collection of data
• Learning about learners
– Demographics, etc
– Language skills
– Typing skills
– Levels of motivation
– What do they know already
• Learning about curriculum and content
– Nature of the content
– Specifying the outcomes
 Design phase
• Analysis outcomes
– Skills
– Knowledge
– Beliefs
– Attitudes
• Outcomes must be meaningful,
measurable and observable
 Design phase (cont)

• Develop initial content ideas

– Brainstorming
– Elimination
• Preliminary programme description
– ID types of learning
– Choosing a methodology
– Factor decisions
– Sequence description
 Design phase (cont)
Storyboards
• Scripts
– Audio
– Video
• Ongoing evaluation (formative and
summative)
 Development

• Select a delivery environment and

development tool
• Make use of templates
• Steps
– Project management plan
– Prepare text components
– Authoring or coding
– Production of graphics, audio and video
– Assembling the pieces
– Prepare support materials
 Implementation and evaluation
• Alpha testing
– Done by design + development team
– Use evaluation forms and style manual
• Beta testing
– Select learners, explain procedure
– Determine prior knowledge
– Observation, interviewing, assess
• Revision
 Effective training principles
• Motivation
– External vs internal
– State benefits
– Invoke curiosity
– Pre-testing
– Challenge learners
– Increase difficulty gradually
• Keep diff’s in learners in mind
– Learning styles
– Offer choices: how, pace
– Simplify learning activities
 Effective training principles
(cont)
• Emphasise important content
– Focus attention
– Avoid distractions
– Consistency
• Practice learning
• Require thinking
• Build associations
• Consider limitations in perception and memory
Secrets of user-interface design
• Keep context clear
– Title pages
– Introduce the subject
– “where-am-I?” cues

– Keep interaction simple

– What is a user interface?
– User frustrations
• Consistency in design