Introduction to SPSS

DILSHAD HUSSAIN SHAH

MINHAJ UNIVERSITY LAHORE
shahdilshad76@yahoo.com
shahdilshad76@yahoo.com
SPSS Workshop Agenda
Layout of the Program
Adding Data to SPSS
Preparing Data for Analysis
Creating New Variables
Descriptive Data Analysis
Working with SPSS Output

Layout of the SPSS Program
SPSS Program Windows
Menus and Toolbars
SPSS Options

SPSS Program Windows
SPSS Program Windows
Data Editor
Data View
Variable View
Output Viewer
Syntax Editor
File Types
Data: filename.sav
Output: filename.spo
Commands: filename.sps
Menus and Toolbars

SPSS Options
Users can set options to make
program easier to use
Edit menu
Choose Options
On General Tab:
Display Names & File
h Record Syntax & Temp. Dir.
H:\
On Viewer Tab:
h Display Commands in the Log

More SPSS Options
Output Labels Tab
For Pivot Table Labeling:
Variables in labels shown as
Names and Labels
Variable values in labels shown
as Values and Labels


Pivot tables Tab
For Tablelook:
Choose Academic (narrow).tlo

Adding Data to SPSS
Use Syntax to Read an Existing Data File
In-line Data in a Syntax File
The SPSS Text Import Wizard
Data Entry in the SPSS Data Editor
Import from Excel
/
Loading Data Using Text Wizard
The SPSS Text Import
Wizard:
File Menu:
Read Text Data
In Open Data box, enter:
C:\SPSS\grades.txt
Step 1: choose No, Next
Step 2: choose Fixed
Width, No, Next
Step 3: use defaults: Next
Step 4: use defaults: Next


Loading Data Using Text Wizard
The SPSS Text Import
Wizard:
Step 5: Use these names
and formats:
V1: ID, Numeric
V2: Gender, String
V3: Test1, Numeric
V4: Test2, Numeric
V5: Test3, Numeric
Click on Next

Loading Data Using Text Wizard
The SPSS Text Import
Wizard:
Step 6: choose No, Yes
The Yes will open a syntax
window with the text of a
GET DATA command
Click on Finish
In the Syntax window
choose the Run Menu
Choose All
This creates an SPSS data
file with the contents of
grades.txt

Loading Data Using Syntax
You can re-use a syntax
file by opening it and
running it
File menu
Open
Syntax
You can open a blank
syntax window to type in
your own commands
File menu
New
Syntax
Other Ways to Load Data
Data Entry in the SPSS
Data Editor

Import from Excel
File Menu:
Open
Data
In Open Data box, enter:
C:\SPSS\grades.xls
Click OK for defaults


Preparing Data for Analysis
Variable Formats
Variable Labels
Value Labels
Missing Values
Copying Data Properties

Formatting Your Variables
Variable Formats
Click on the Variable View
tab of the Data Editor to
edit or display formats
Name Type Width
Decimals Label Values
Missing Columns Align
Measure
Variable Labels
Type in descriptive text
that explains what the
variable measures

Formatting Your Variables (cont.)
Value Labels Text that
explains what numeric
values stand for
Click in the cell of the Value
column for your variable,
enter a Value and Label, click
Add
Missing Values Defines
values that should not be
included in calculations
Click in the cell of the Missing
column for the variable,
choose either Discrete or
Range and enter the values


Creating New Variables
Collapsing Variables Using Recode
Computing Variables
Counting Values in Other Variables
Ranking Cases
Date and Time Variables

/
Recoding Variables
Recoding renumbers or
collapses the values of a
variable
Transform menu
Recode into different
variables
Highlight variable(s) and
move over with arrow
Fill in a Name and Label
for the new variable
Click Old and New Values
Recoding Variables
Specify the Old Value
e.g., 90 through 100, 80
through 89, etc.
Specify a New Value
e.g., 4 (for an A), 3(for a B),
etc.
Click on the Add button
Repeat until all old and new
values are specified
Old values can be defined as
single values, ranges or
missing values
Add value and variable labels,
etc.

Computing New Variables
Create new variables
using equations or
functions
Transform menu
Compute Variable
Enter a Target Variable
Name e.g. TestAvg
Build a Numeric
Expression
E.g. (Test1 + Test2 +
Test3)/3
Click OK
Other Ways to Create Variables
Counting Values in
Other Variables

Ranking Cases

Date and Time Variables


Descriptive Data Analysis
FREQUENCIES

DESCRIPTIVES

CROSSTABS

MEANS

The FREQUENCIES Procedure
FREQUENCIES creates tables
with counts of cases for each
value of the variable
Analyze Menu:
Descriptive Statistics
Frequencies
Highlight variables to create
tables, click the arrow to add
to variable list, then click OK
Statistics, Chart and Format
options are available

FREQUENCIES Output
1. Command syntax
2. Summary statistics
3. Variable values and
corresponding labels
4. Frequency counts for
each value
5. Percentages
1. Raw percent
2. Valid percents
3. Cumulative percents

The DESCRIPTIVES Procedure
DESCRIPTIVES creates
tables with summaries of
values for variables
Analyze Menu:
Descriptive Statistics
Descriptives
Highlight variables to
create tables, click the
arrow to add to variable list,
then click OK
Options are available to
choose different statistics


DESCRIPTIVES Output
1. Command syntax
2. Variable name and
label
3. Number of cases
4. Statistics:
Minimum
Maximum
Mean
Standard Deviation

The CROSSTABS Procedure
CROSSTABS displays the
intersection of values of two
or more variables
Analyze Menu:
Descriptive Statistics
Crosstabs
Highlight variables to create
tables, click the arrow to add
to Row, Column or Layer
variable lists, then click OK
Statistics, Cells and Format
options are available


Crosstabs Output
1. Table title
2. Column variables
3. Row variables
4. Cell counts (# of cases)
5. Column percents (% of
cases in column)
6. Statistics

The MEANS Procedure
MEANS calculates overall
means and group means
(defined by independent
variables)
Analyze Menu:
Descriptive Statistics
Means
Highlight variables to create
tables, click the arrow to add
to Dependent or Independent
variable lists, then click OK
Optional Statistics are
available

MEANS Output
1. Command syntax
2. Numbers of cases
included and excluded
3. Dependent variable
4. Independent (group)
variable
5. Means
6. Number of cases
7. Standard Deviations

Working with SPSS Output
Editing/Manipulating Tables
Exporting Output to a File
Copying and Pasting Output

Editing SPSS Tables
SPSS Table objects can
be opened for editing
before you use them
elsewhere
Right-click on the table
SPSS Pivot Table Object
Either Edit or Open
Text can be formatted,
rows or columns
removed, footnotes
added, etc.

Exporting SPSS Output to a File
SPSS output can be
exported to other
programs
Either entire output file,
or selected tables
Export to Word, HTML,
Excel, Text, PDF, or
PowerPoint