Introduction to ecosystem

Habitat- the place where a plant, animal or

microorganism lives
Community-all the plants, animals and
microorganisms that live in a habitat
Environment-the surroundings of a living
thing. It includes all living things, rocks, soil
and weather conditions
Abiotic factors- factors due to the nonliving
part of an environment eg: air, water rocks
and soil

Ecosystem
Biotic factors- factors of an environment due
to living things such as producers, consumers
Ecosystem- the community of living things
and the abiotic factors found in a particular
place such as forest or a pond
Bio diversity- a term used to describe the
number and variety of species in an
ecosystem

Herbivore an animal that only eats plants
Carnivore-an animal that only eats other
animals
Omnivore- an animal that eats both plants
and animals
Predator- an animal that feeds or preys on
another animal

Trophic levels
Producers[ autotrophs]- they are typically plants
or algae. They make their own food through
photosynthesis. they are also called as a primary
producers
Consumer- an animal that eats plants , other
animals or both
Primary consumer- an animal that eats
plants[this may be herbivore or an omnivore]
Secondary consumer an animal that eats
primary consumers[this may be a carnivore or an
omnivore]
Tertiary consumer
Tropic levels
Food chain
Food chain-a description[often a diagram]of the
way some organisms in a habitat are linked to
each other through feeding. A food chain begins
with a producer and is followed by one or more
consumers
Eg: food chain in the ocean
Algae larvae of crustaceans smaller fish
Bigger fish seals killer whale
The trophic level of an organism is the position
it occupies in a food chain

Food web-a description of how a number of food
chains in a habitat are linked together to show
how food and energy pass through the habitat.
Eg: panda eats bamboo shoots and also eats fish
so that means there are two f food chains i.e.
bamboo panda
water plants snails fish panda

Ecology- it is the scientific study of the biotic and
abiotic factors of an ecosystem and their
relationship.

Different types of relations
among organism

This relationship are useful for ensuring food
and space for living.
These relations are two types
Positive interaction-mutualism and
commensalism
Negative interaction- predation, parasitism
and competition
Positive interaction
Mutualism
Commensalism
Two organisms are
benefited
Butterfly and
flowering plants
One is benefited
and the other is
neither benefited
nor harmed
Vanda and mango
tree
Positive interaction
Positive interaction
Positive interaction
Negative interaction

predation-one is benefited and the other is
harmed
eg: Eagle and chicken
parasitism-one is benefited and the other is
harmed
eg: mango tree and loranthus
competition- both organisms suffer at first.
but the organism which wins is benefited
Predation

competition