These machine consists of a scrappers bowl which is lowered to cut and

collect soil where site stripping and leveling operations are required
involving large volume of earth.


The production cycle for a scraper consists of six operations:

Loading
haul travel
dumping and spreading
turning
return travel
Turning and positioning to pick another load.


Scrapers are best suited for the haul distances greater than 500ft but less
than 3000. Although with large units the maximum distance can approach
a mile.

SCRAPERS
SCRAPER OPERATION


The basic operating parts of a scraper are:

BOWL: the bowl is the loading and carrying component of a scraper. It has a
cutting edge that extends across the front edge. The bowl is lowered for
loading and raised during travel.

APRON: the apron is the front wall of the bowl. It is independent of the bowl.
It is raised during the loading and dumping operations to allow the material to
flow into or out of the bowl. The apron is lowered during hauling to prevent
material spillage.

EJECTOR: the ejector is the rear wall of the bowl. The ejector is in the rear
position during loading and hauling. During spreading, the ejector is activated
to move forward, providing positive discharge of the material in the bowl.

A scraper is loaded by lowering the front end of the bowl until the cutting
edge that is attached. At the same time, the front apron is raised to provide
an open slot through which the earth can flow into the bowl.

As the scraper moves forward, a horizontal strip of material is forced in the
bowl. This is continued until the bowl is filled, at which point the bowl is
raised and the apron lowered to prevent spillage during the haul.

During the haul, the bowl should be kept just high enough to clear the
ground. Keeping the bowl low during travel enhances stability at high speeds
and on uneven haul roads.

The dumping operation consists of lowering the cutting edge to the desired
height above the fill, raising the apron, and then forcing the material out by
means of a movable ejector mounted at the rear of the bowl.

The elevator scraper is equipped with horizontal flights operated by two
endless elevator chains, to which the ends of the flights are connected. As
the scraper moves forward with its cutting edge digging into the earth, the
flight rake the material upward into the bowl.

SCRAPER TYPES


TOWED SCRAPPERS: these consists of a four wheeled scrapper bowl which
is towed behind a power unit such as a crawler tractor. They tend to be slower
than other forms of scrapper but are useful for small capacities with haul
distances up to 300mt.

TWO AXLE SCRAPPERS: these have a two wheeled scrapper bowl with an
attached two wheeled power unit. They are very maneuverable with a low
rolling resistance and very good traction.

THREE AXIIE SCRAPPERS: these consists of a two wheeled scrapper bowl
which may have a rear engine to assist the four wheeled traction engine which
makes up the complement. Generally these machines have a great capacity
potential than their counterparts, are closer and have a faster cycle time.