TIME STUDY

UNIT-3

Definition
Time study is a work measurement technique
for recording the times and rates of working
for the elements of a specified job carried
out under specified conditions and for
analyzing the data so as to obtain the time
necessary for carrying out the job at a
defined level of performance.

Objectives of time study

To

determine the quantity of human work

To set labour standard

To compare alternative methods
To determine standard cost
Equipments and labour requirements
Basic times / normal times
Number of machines an operator can handle
Cycle time for completion of a job

Time study by Stop watch

1. Select the job to be studied
.
.
.
.
.

New job
Change in manufacturing method
Design change
When labour cost is high
When new tools are used

2. Select the worker to

be studied
This process is carried
out to identify the
qualified worker in the
organization

3. Conducting stop watch time study

i) Collect and record job information

ii) Record the method of doing the
job and break down into
elements.
ELEMENTS: it is the distinct part of a
specified job selected for
convenience of observation and
analysis.

Types of elements

Repetitive element
Occasional element
Constant element
Variable element
Machine element
Governing element
Foreign element

iii) Examine the elements

iv) Measure the actual time taken by using stop
watch

.
STOP WATCH

Non-fly back

Fly back

Split hand

 Non fly back:

It is preferred for recording

continuous timing.

Fly back:
The watch is started and stopped
with the help of slide.

Split hand:
It gives higher accuracy in
reading when two elements are
to be timed successively.

Rating Factor or Leveling factor under Time

Study
Rating Scale Used
(i) 60-80 scale
(ii) 100-1331/3
Scale

(iii) 75-100

Rating factor = Rating of the observed worker

Rating of qualified worker
Normal/Basic = Observed time Rating Factor
time
= observed time observed rating
Standard rating

 Standard Time = Normal time + all relevant

allowances
Allowances Include
a) Relaxation allowance (RA)- normally 10% to
20% of normal or basic time.
b) Contingency allowance (CA) 5% of basic or
normal time
c) Process allowance given to worker when
enforced idleness due to nature of operation
d) Special allowance

Maynard Operation Sequence Technique

Maynard
Operation
Sequence
Technique
(MOST) is a predetermined motion time system that is
used primarily in industrial settings to set the
standard time in which a worker should perform a task.
To calculate this, a task is broken down into individual
motion elements, and each is assigned a numerical time
value in units known as time measurement units, or
TMUs, where 100,000 TMUs is equivalent to 1 hour. All
the motion element times are then added together and
any allowances are added, and the result is the standard
time. It is much easier to use form of the older and now
less
common Methods Time Measurement technique,
better known as MTM.

 The most commonly used form of MOST is BasicMOST,

which was released in Sweden in 1972 and in the
United States in 1974. Two other variations were released
in 1980, called MiniMOST and MaxiMOST.
The difference between the three is their level of focusthe
motions recorded in BasicMOST are on the level of tens of
TMUs, while MiniMOST uses individual TMUs and
MaxiMOST uses hundreds of TMUs. This allows for a
variety of applicationsMiniMOST is commonly used for
short (less than about a minute), repetitive cycles, and
MaxiMOST for longer (more than several minutes), nonrepetitive operations.
BasicMost is in the position between them, and can be
used accurately for operations ranging from less than a
minute to about ten minutes.

THANK YOU