Philippines During

Japanese
Occupation

During World War II

1941 (Dec. 8) Japan invaded the
Philippines
-Pampanga
-Nichols Field
-Lingayen Gulf
-Manila

During World War II

1941 (Dec. 25) Gen.Douglas
MacArthurdeclared Manila an open city.
(on the advice of commonwealth President Manuel L.
Quezon to avoid its destruction)

During World War II

1942 (Jan. 2) Japanese occupied
Manila.
1942 (April 9) US and Filipino
defendants in Bataan surrendered
to the Japanese

During World War II

MacArthur escaped to Corregidor
76,000 captured soldiers were forced to
embark on the "Death March" to a prison
camp more than 100 kilometers north.
~10,000 prisoners died due to thirst,
hunger and exhaustion.

The Huks
farmers of Pampanga banded together and
created local brigades for their protection
-Luis Taruc
-Juan Feleo
-Castro Alejandrino

agreed to fight the Japanese as a

unified guerilla army

The Huks
They agreed to call their organization
Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa mga Hapon or
HUKBALAHAP.
- Taruc was the leader
- Alejandrino was his right hand
- Members were simply called
Huks.

The Philippine
Executive
Commission
Established on
January 23, 1942

The Philippine Executive

Comission
Chairperson: Jorge Vargas
Dept. heads:
Interior: Benigno Aquino Sr.
Finance: Antonio delas Alas
Justice: Jose P. Laurel
Education, Health & Public Welfare: Claro M. Recto
Public Works & Communication: Quintin Paredes
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court: Jose Yulo

The Philippine Executive

Comission
new constitution
-noticeably lacked a bill of rights
-contained 12 articles lifted from the 1935
constitution that fitted the wishes of
the Japanese
-was meant to be in effect only temporarily,
while the Philippines still in chaos

The
Second Republic

The Second Republic

September 20 1943 - theKALIBAPI
held a party convention
-to elect 54 members of the National Assembly
(assembly was actually made of 108 members but half of this number
was composed of incumbent governors and city

-President:

Jose P. Laurel

-Vice President: Benigno Aquino Sr.

Ramon Anancena

mayors)

The Second Republic

Inauguration
-October 14 1943
-on the front steps of the legislative building in
Manila
-Philippine flag was hoisted as the national anthem
was played

The Second Republic

Meanwhile
-Japanese started using propaganda to gain the trust
and confidence ofFilipinoswho refused to cooperate with
them
-hung giant posters and distribute their materials that
contains such slogans as "the Philippines
belong to the
Filipinos."
-also used newspapers, movies, and others to
the same idea

publicize

Promoting Japanese propaganda was one of the main objectives of

theKALIBAPI, but still Japanese failed to gain the trust of the Filipinos.

Gen. MacArthur
Returns

Gen. MacArthur Returns

October 20, 1944
Leyte
General Douglas MacArthur said:
"I have Returned."

Gen. MacArthur Returns

Oct. 23 - 26, 1944
-Americans engaged Japanese forces in the
Battle of Leyte Gulf
-almost destroyed the entire Japanese fleet
-said to have signaled the beginning of
Philippine liberation from the Japanese

Gen. MacArthur Returns

mid-December
-American soldiers had reached Mindoro
-Japanese secured other area

January 9, 1945
- US liberation forces successfully docked at Lingayen
Gulf
- Lt. Gen.Tomoyuki Yamashita, supreme commander
of the Japanese troops in Manila, mobilize his
kamikazes but they failed to stop Americans

Gen. MacArthur Returns

December 8, 1944
President Laurel and his cabinet moved to
Baguio upon orders of Yamashita
Japanese forces retreated to Yamashita line
a jungle battlefront stretching along the
Sierra Madre Mountains from Antipolo,
Rizal to Appari Cagayan.

Gen. MacArthur Returns

it took 3 weeks of intense fighting before
Japanese finally surrendered on February
23,1945
Gen. MacArthur continued to liberate
other parts of the country
proclaim general freedom from the
Japanese on July 4, 1945.

sources
http://www.philippine-history.org/japanese
-occupation.htm

http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~aefrazie/world
%20politics116/history_occupation/japane
se/japanese_occupation.htm