Diode Rectifiers

Block Diagram of
DC Power Supply

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Rectifiers

Diodes in Rectifier Circuits

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Rectifiers

Half-wave Rectifier

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Rectifiers

N1
N2
V1

V2

The primary and secondary voltages of transformer are related

as
V2/V1=N2/N1
V1= rms primary voltage
V2=rms secondary voltage
N1= no of turns in primary coil
N2=no of turns in secondary coil

Vi=Vm sint
During +ve half cycle the diode is forward biased.
Therefore a current IL flows through load resistor RL.
In forward bias ,the voltage drop across the diode is
very small (0.7V for
Si and 0.3V for Ge).
For practical purposes we assume that the diode is ideal so the
voltage drop is zero

During ve half cycle the diode is reverse biased

Therefore the diode does not conduct and hence no current flows
IL=0
And hence V0=0

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Rectifiers

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Rectifiers

Full-wave Rectifier
(Centre-tap)

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Rectifiers

Full-wave Rectifier
(Bridge)

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Diode Ratings
1. Current Handling Capacity.
2. Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV ): It is
the largest reverse voltage that is
expected to appear across the
diode. Usually, diodes are selected
which have VZ at least 50 % greater
than PIV.

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PIV Ratings
For half-wave rectifier : Vm

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Figures of Merit of a
Rectifier
1. Ripple Factor (r) :

2. Rectification Efficiency ()
:

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Performance of Half-wave
Rectifier

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Total RMS Value :

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RMS Value of AC Components

:

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Note that this is a general result. Now, for

Half-wave Rectifier :

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Performance of Full-wave
Rectifier

How much is its period in terms of

t ? Its period is , and not

2.

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Total RMS Value :

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Ripple Factor :

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Rectification Efficiency
:

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Filter Circuits
The output of a rectifier is not purely
dc. It also has some ac components,
called ripples.
The ripples are maximum in half-wave
rectifier, and are less in full-wave
rectifier
Filter circuit converts pulsating output
of a rectifier into a steady dc level.
Filters simply smoothen out the ripples.
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 There are two ways to do it :

1. Ripples are bypassed around a
the load by using a shunt
capacitor.
2. Ripples can be limited to a low
value by a series inductor.

A filter circuit is generally a

combination of capacitors and
inductors.
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 Filtering action depends upon the

fact that:
Capacitor allows ac only to
pass.
Inductor allow dc only to pass.

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Shunt Capacitor Filter

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Operation of Capacitor Filter

During the conduction period, the
capacitor gets charged and stores
energy.
During the non-conduction period, the
capacitor discharges through the load
resistance delivering energy to it.
Capacitor gets charged to the peak
value quickly because charging time
constant is almost zero.
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Discharging time constant is quite

large, because it discharges through
the load resistance.
As XC << RL, the ripples are bypassed
through the capacitor and only dc
component flows through the load
resistance.

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 Obviously, a large-value capacitor

should be preferred.
Any disadvantage ?
Ans . : Yes. Diode may get damaged.
How does the ripple factor vary with
increase in the load current ?
Ans. : Increases.

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Review

Block Diagram of
DC Power Supply.
Half-wave Rectifier.
Full-wave Rectifier
(Centre-tap).
Full-wave Rectifier
(Bridge).
Diode Ratings.
1. Current Handling
Capacity.
2. PIV Ratings.

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Figures of Merit of a
Rectifier :
1. Ripple Factor.
2. Rectification Efficiency.

Performance of Halfwave Rectifier.

Idc , Irms , Irms , r ,

Performance of Fullwave Rectifier.

Idc , Irms , Irms , r ,

Rectifiers

Filters.
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