ADA Cellworks
IBS TRAINING
PREPARED BY:
JAYAN.Y
ADA CELLWORKS,PUNE
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CONTENTS
IBS SURVEY
LINK BUDGET CALCULATION
IMPLEMENTATION
QUALITY CHECKLIST
VENDOR HANDLING TIPS
REPEATER
BASIC OF LOS SURVEY
BASIC OF RF SURVEY
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What is IBS/DAS ?
1.In-building Solution (IBS) / Distributed Antenna System
(DAS)
2.Small Cell Coverage within building premises
3.Signal is restricted inside the building
4.Antenna installed inside the building
5.Low Transmit Power of Antenna
6.Smaller Antenna size
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What drives the need for IBS ?
1. Demand of Continuous coverage
2. Indoor Activities generating high traffic
3. Poor indoor coverage of outdoor sites
4. Offloading outdoor cells with high utilization
5. Improvement of Network Performance.
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IBS Project
1.Site Survey (IBS and LOS)
2.Design report preparation of the survey
3.Implementation work
4.Frequency planning and database
preparation
5.Walk test
6.Optimization and site handover
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PLANNING PROCESS
Survey, IBS Planning
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IBS Planning Process Flow
Chart
SITE ACQUISITION
Customer request
1. With target buildings
-> Preliminary site survey
2.
-> Area survey to locate possible
Without target buildings
target buildings
-> Approval: customer accepts
target buildings
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PRELIMINARY SITE SURVEY/PRE- PLANNING
1.
2.
3.
4.
Building Information.
Surrounding Network Information.
Draft Solution Design.
Budgetary Cost Estimation.
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SITE SURVEY
1.
2.
3.
4.
Propagation Measurement.
Final BTS & Antenna location.
Final Cable routing.
Photos of Antenna Location, BTS Location, Microwave
Pole location.
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DETAIL DESIGN REPORT
1.
2.
3.
4.
System Diagram (Trunking Diagram).
Power Budget Calculation.
Solution Description Template.
TSSR (Technical Site Survey Report) for BTS & Microwave
details.
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TYPES OF TYPICAL BUILDINGS COVERED IN
IBS
1.Office Complex
2.Shopping Malls.
3.Hotels & Restaurants.
4.Hospitals.
5.VIP Guest House.
6.Exhibition Centre.
7.Government Buildings.
8.Airports.
9.Railway Stations.
10.Corporate Residential Complex.
11.Factories & Industries
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IBS SURVEY & PRE-PLANNING
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TOOLS REQUIRED FOR IBS SURVEY
1. GPS
2. Digital Camera.
3. Magnetic Compass.
4. Binoculars.
5. Measuring Tape.
6. Net Monitor Phone.
7. Floor Plan of that Particular Site
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STEPS IN IBS SURVEY
1. Study the building architecture, with the help of floor plans &
guidance from
Building authorities
2. Understand the requirements need in terms of Coverage, Capacity,
future
Subscriber growth etc.
3. Identify the duct for the cable routing & component location.
4. Survey on each floor using net monitor and floor plan.
5. Mark the present signal level and the antenna location to be
installed in the
floor plan.
6. Note down all the present serving cell information like CELL ID,
BCCH, Rx.
Level, etc.
7. Identify the BTS location, antenna locations and mark on the floor
plan.
8. Also not down the type of ceiling, whether pop cutting is required
or not
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LOS SURVEY
MAKE TERRACE LAY OUT
TAKE LAT LONG BY GPS
ASK FOR FAR END TO SURVEY CO ORDINATOR
DECIDE TOWER HEIGHT( e. g POLE,RTT, GBT )REQUIREMENT
( ALSO CONSIDER CUSTOMER SPECIFICATION , NOT MENDATORY )
CHECK POSSIBILITY OF CABLE ROUTING UPTO BTS LOCATION
IF PCM CABLE OR A-BTS IS REQUIRED FOR TX ,THEN MAKE NOTE THAT PCM CABLE LENGTH
IS NOT EXCEEDING BY THAT OF GIVEN SPECIFICATION( UPTO 250 M).
( DO NOT COMPROMISE WITH BTS LOCATION IT AFFECTS POWER CALCUTAION )
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INDOOR PROPOGATION
Indoor channels are different from traditional mobile radio
channels in two different ways
The distances covered are much smaller
The variability of the environment is much greater for a
much
smaller range of Tx-Rx separation distances.
The propagation inside a building is influenced by
Layout of the building
Construction materials
Typical building type
Sports arena, residential home, factory,...
Indoor propagation is dominated by the same mechanisms as
outdoor
reflection, scattering, diffraction.
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However, conditions are much more variable
Doors/windows open or not
The mounting place of antenna
On the wall, ceiling, etc.
The level of floors
In building path loss factors
Partition losses (same floor)
Partition losses between floors
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PARTITION LOSSES
There are two kind of partition at the same floor:
Hard partitions: the walls of the rooms
Soft partitions: moveable partitions that does not
span to the
ceiling
The path loss depends on the type of the partitions
PARTITION LOSSES BETWEEN FLOORS
The losses between floors of a building are determined by
External dimensions and materials of the building
Type of construction used to create floors
External surroundings
Number of windows
Presence of tinting on windows
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o Antenna System used in IBS
Integrated Antenna System
An Indoor area covered by one location e.g., open premises like
sports
arena, railway station where BTS is mounted on the wall connected
to the Integrated antenna system
Antennas Distributed Via Coax Feeder Network
This is the most simplified method used in IBS. It has some
advantage like
low cost, flexibility in the
Design when shaping the coverage area, robust and well proven
technique
Leaky Cable
This type is mainly used in Train tunnels, where it is tough to install
with Coax feeder network. It also has flexible design but it is costly
Antennas Distributed Via Fibre Optic Network
Low attenuation is the key factor for the deploying IBS thro fibre
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14M
SP4W5F01
27M
SP3W5F01
24M
15M
AN6F001
3M
SP2W5F03
10M
25M
10M
J
SP4W5F02
5M
AN5F001
14M
10dB
CP10dB5F01
SP3W5F03
AN5F006
AN5F007
AN5F008
AN5F009
09M
11M
6M
7dB
08M
CP7dB5F01
AN5F015
SP2W5F05 13M
19M
AN5F012
AN5F014
04M
AN5F011
AN5F016
AN5F021
08M
12M
23M
SP3W5F02
14M
AN5F013
AN5F025
09M
AN5F010
30M
03M
SP2W5F04
17M
AN5F002J
SP2W5F02 06M
06M
11M
AN5F004
AN5F003
9M
15M
08M
SP2W5F01
AN5F005
7dB
SP2W5F06 07M
CP7dB5F02
AN5F022
AN5F023
10M
20M
7dB
CP7dB5F03
AN5F017
J
15M
15M
SP4W5F03 10M
21M
AN5F018
AN5F019
AN5F020
AN5F025
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11M
17M
AN5F011
AN5F010
10M
15M
23M
AN5F018
AN5F0139
21M
SP4W5F01
SP3W5F02
AN5F003
13M
5M
7M
AN5F019
SP2W5F03
10M
SP2W5F01
CP7dB5F01
AN5F002
SP2W5F02
14M
6M
8M
AN5F001
10dB
23M
AN5F012
25M
AN5F004
7dB
30M
AN5F013
08M
AN5F020
14M
AN5F008
8M
8M
AN5F022
7dB
CP7dB5F02
19M
AN5F016
SP2W5F06
09M
SP3W5F03 SP2W5F05
3M
CP10dB5F01 SP4W5F02
23M
AN5F021
4M
AN5F140
AN5F006
DUCT 1( ELECTRICAL)
AN5F007
AN5F014
AN5F023
11M
13M
09M
14M
10M
14M
20M
SP3W5F01
3M
AN5F005
J
7dB
CP7dB5F03
AN5F009
24M
SP2W5F04
18M
AN5F017
Cable goes to the sixth floor
08M
SP4W5F03
AN5F015
LINK BUDGET CALCULATION
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IT IS BASICALLY FOR POWER THAT REQUIRED AT ANTENNA END.IT DEPENDS ON THE COMPONENTS
THAT HAS BEEN USED FROM BTS TO ANTENNA THAT IS ERP( EFFECTIVE RADIATED POWER ).
We generally deal with EIRP ( Effective Isotropic Radiated Power ),which is defined below.
EIRP( Effective Isotropic Radiated Power )= ERP( Effective Radiated Power ) + Gain of that component
LIST OF COMPONENTS WITH LOSSES ARE AS FOLLOWS::
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
SPLITTERS
COUPLERS
CABLES
ANTENNAS
COMBINER
JUMPER CABLE
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1) SPLITTERS::
Generally 3 types of splitters are used in IBS which are as follows.
LOSS (dB)
TYPE
2 WAY
-3.25
3 WAY
-5.05
4 WAY
-6.25
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1) SPLITTERS ( Continue )::
2 WAY
3 WAY
4 WAY
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2) COUPLERS::
TYPE
7 dB
10 dB
15 dB
LOSS AT
COUPLE PORT (dB)
-7
-10
-15
LOSS AT
THROUGH PORT (dB)
-1.5
-0.5
-0.3
NOTE: Ideally there should be 0 dB loss at through port. But there is always some loss, which is
mentioned in table.
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2) COUPLERS ( Continue )::
THROUGH PORT
COUPLED PORT
INPUT
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3) CABLES::
TYPE
( LDF4-50 A)
7/8 ( LDF5-50 A )
1-5/8 ( LDF7-50 A )
LOSS (dB per meter)
-0.11
-0.06
-0.03
3) CABLES ( Continue )::
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4) ANTENNAS::
Generally 3 types of antenna are used in IBS, which are as follows.
Gain (dBi )
TYPE
PANEL ANTENNA
2
7
FLAT PATCH OMNI
ANTENNA
OMNI ANTENNA
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4) ANTENNAS ( Continue )::
OMNI ANTENNA
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4) ANTENNAS ( Continue )::
PANEL ANTENNA
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4) ANTENNAS ( Continue )::
12 cm
12 cm
FLAT PATCH OMNI ANTENNA ( Vendor : Kaweri )
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5) COMBINER::
A combiner is the device that enables several transmitters to transmitter from the same antenna.
TYPE
LOSS
HYBRID COMBINER( 2 I/P,1
O/P )
TX 1
e. g TRX
TX 2
A
N
T
E
N
N
A
3 dB
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6) LINK BUDGET CALCULATION :: Example with Trunking Diagram:
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NOTE:BTS POWER IS MENTIONED AS 37 CONSIDERING 3dB COMBINER LOSS.
6) DIFFERENT CONNECTOR USED IN IMPLEMENTATION:
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( 1 ) N MALE CONNECTOR( L4PNM-RC )
Connect with antenna port
Or splitter port.
Connect with cable
To connect female port of other component like our antennas and splitter.
( 2 ) N FEMALE CONNECTOR( L4PNF-RC )
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Connect with male port like
7/8 to inch connector
Or Kaveri combiner
Connect with cable
To connect male port of other component like 7/8 to connector.
( 3 ) 7/8 to inch CONNECTOR( L5PNM-RC )
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Connect with female port like
Our antannas and splitter
Connect with 7/8 cable( LDF 5-50A )
To connect female port of 7/8 cable at one side and female port of cable or splitter
( 4 ) DIN Male for LDF5-50 A 7/8 inch Cable( L5PDM-RPC )
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Connect with female port of
jumper cable or directly to
Port of BTS which is
Generally at the top of Ultra BTS
Connect with 7/8 cable( LDF 5-50A )
To connect female port of 7/8 cable at one side and BTS port or jumper cable
( 5 ) EXTERNAL COMBINER(AVANTEL)
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Female Port
Female Port
Female Port
( 6 ) EXTERNAL COMBINER(KAVERI)
( 6 ) EXTERNAL COMBINER(KAVERI)
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Female Port
Female Port
Female Port
( 7 ) EXTERNAL JUMPER CABLE
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THIS PORT HAS SIZE SAME AS 7/8 CABLE
AT COMBIER END
AT BTS END
7) BTS Types:
Generally 3 types of BTS Available.
1) Ultra BTS
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Configuration: 4+4+4
Power: 43 dBm
Nominal Voltage:230AC/-48VDC
Cabinet Max. power Demand:1.8KVVAC / 1.5KVADC
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2) METRO BTS
85cm
25cm
35cm
Configuration: 2+2
Power: 40 dBm
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SECTORS JUMPER CABLE
MW CABLE FOR CONNECTIVITY
3) ULTRA MINI BTS
It looks same as Ultra BTS.
Configuration: 2+2
Power: 43 dBm
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DETAILED DESIGN REPORT
1. Building Information: Co-ordinates, No. of Floors, Basements,
Lobbies.
2. BTS Information: BTS Type, BTS O/P power, TRX Configuration,
Sectorization.
3. TSSR Form Transmission & RF details if planned with outdoor
sectors also)
4. Trunking Diagram - Schematic Presentation of Antenna to BTS
connection via different components like, splitters, combiners &
couplers.
5. Link Budget Calculations EIRP calculation at all antenna ports,
considering all the losses.
6. Planned Antenna Location with coverage area.
7. Bill of Quantity - Material Requirement for the Implementation of
DAS.
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REPEATER :
Generally used where capacity required is low.
It amplifies and converts weak signal into stronger signal by adding some gain to it.
There are 2 types of repeaters.
1) BAND SELECTIVE:
It amplifies and boost frequency of particular BAND
2) FREQUENCY SELECTIVE:
It amplifies and boost particular frequencies only (Generally 2 / 3 frequency.
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TYPICAL REPEATER INSTALLATION
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PICK UP ANTENNA(HIGHLY DIRECTIONAL )
NEARER SITE
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CONNECTED TO ANTENNA
CONNECTED TO PEAK
UP ANTENNA
POWER: 2W GENERALLY.( 33 dBm )
BAND SELECTIVE
INDOOR REPEATER
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IBS IMPLEMENTATION
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TYPICAL IBS INSTALLATION
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GENERAL IMPLEMENTATION ISSUE IN IBS
OPEN CONNECTION
Antenna, splitter, coupler port is open
COUPLER
Couple port/through port is reversed
Input port/through port is reversed
LABELING
All the splitters and couplers should be labeled for easy identification
ANTENNA PLACEMENT OR ORIENTATIONS IS NOT AS PER PLAN
Shift in antennas if any due to route / customer problem.
THERE IS NO PROPER SADDLING, TYING OF CABLES
No Saddling/tying done on site, typical requirement is as follows
i.e., every 1mtr or 1.5mtr cable is to be tied
REQUIREMENT OF EXTRA MATERIAL
Clamps FOR Antennas/cable
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VENDOR HANDLING
1. Handover site to vendor with all details like work permission,
material storage
space, proper cable routing.
2. Generate MRF for delivery of material to this site.
3. Ask vendor for daily update.
4. Must visit site 2-3 day in week.
5. Ask all details after completion of full site.
6. Get the material details from the vendor
7. Get the BOM (Bill of Material) from the vendor and generate cam
Form for
the site after reconciling the material
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IMPLIMENTATION AUDIT
Visit site daily if possible otherwise 2-3 day in week
Check installation is as par plan or change
Decide any changes in antenna location (if require according to
aesthetic,
permission, cable routing etc..)
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IBS IMPLEMENTATION QUALITY STANDARDS.
1. No Extra Cable is left rolled near the BTS Equipment.
2. Feeder Cable and components have to be independently & properly
clamped
(saddling) to the wall or laid over the cable tray .
3. Combiner is clamped and the various cables to and from the
combiner are
secured properly on the Cable tray or Wall mount.
4. Feeder Installation for all the sectors should have appropriate
bending radius
for both 1/2 & 7/8.
5. Connector have to be weather proofed
6. Feeders & components should be anchored at fixed intervals by
saddling/cable tie
7. Aesthetic rectification should be completed with cleanliness
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THANK YOU
