Analysis of Compressors

P M V Subbarao
Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department

Active Devices for Infusion of Life into Fluid.

Classification of Compressors

Rotodynamic Compressors

vdp

Centrifugal
Compressors

Axial
Compressors

Mixed
Compressors

Positive Displacement
of Compressors

pdv

Reciprocating
Compressors

Rotory
Compressors

Centrifugal Vs Axial : Flow Area

Centrifugal Vs Axial : Level of interaction

In search of Time scale in Requirement

Primary characteristics of a requirement.

The effect: p
The Capacity: Flow Rate Q (m3/s).
Density of fluid: (kg/m3).

Machine-Fluid Matching Parameter:

f Q, p :
For compressible fluid machines

 Q p
j

kg

2
m3
m.s

kg
s

3
m

 m

s

m
2

Take j = -3/2
i

m3
m2
2

s
s
m

s

m 3
3

Take i = 1/2 & j = -3/4

m

s

1
2

m
2
s

Q

1
2

m
s

m
s

Time Scale of a Machine to Resource

Speed: N (rpm) or n (rps)
Dimensionless time scale

Requirement Time Scale

Machine Time Scale

Non - Dimension time scale

1
n

This is named as Specific Speed, Ns

n m

Ns
4

n m

Ns
4

Centrifugal

Mixed
Axial

Role of specific Speed on Design of A Compressor

Centrifugal Compressors

The centrifugal compressor consists

essentially of a stationary casing containing
a rotating impeller which imparts a high
velocity to the air, and
A number of diverging passages (Diffuser)
in which the air is decelerated with a
consequent rise in static pressure.
Air is sucked into the impeller eye and
whirled round at high speed by the vanes on
the impeller disc.
Centripetal acceleration leads to increase in
rise of some amount of static pressure.
The remaining increase in rise of pressure
occurs in diffuser.

Multi Stage Compressors

ImpellerDiffuser :Rotor-Stator

Anatomy of A Centrifugal
Compressors

Gas Dynamics of A Perfect Impeller

Va2

Vf2 =Vr2
Vw2= Utip

Ueye
b1
Vr1
Vw1=0

Vf1=Va1

Va2

Vr2

b2

Reality of Fluid Mechanics

Vw2
Va2

Vf2

Vr2
Vw2

b1
Vr1

Vf1=Va1