MARINE POLLUTION

WHAT IS MARINE POLLUTION?

WHAT IS MARINE POLLUTION?

It is the spreading of harmful substances such as oil,
plastic, industrial and agricultural waste and chemical
particles into the ocean
It is the disposal of waste and debris in bodies of
water which aff ects marine creatures and
contamination of water.

HISTORY OF MARINE POLLUTION

It started since the Roman Empire
Marine Pollution booms at the Industrial Evolution
For the past three centuries, marine pollution has
been severe compare for the other thousands of
years.
Today, government tries to fi nd solutions that can
reduce marine pollution like passing of laws and bills.
Reducing waste and recycle of materials
People stand for a cause which is to save the Earth

WHAT CAUSES MARINE POLLUTION

Main contributors in contaminating the ocean are as
follows:

Plastics
Solid waste
Chemical waste
Minerals like copper and gold
Oil spills
People

THE EFFECTS OF MARINE

POLLUTION
Extinction of marine animals which includes small and
big fi shes and coral reefs
Lack of clean water
Lack of oxygen
Inhabitable
Climate Change

PATHWAYS OF POLLUTION
Direct discharge
- Pollutants enter rivers and the sea directly from
urban sewerage and industrial waste discharges,
sometimes in the form of hazardous and toxic wastes.

PATHWAYS OF POLLUTION
Land runof
- Surface runoff from farming, as well as urban
runoff and runoff from the construction of roads,
buildings, ports, channels, and harbours, can carry soil
and particles laden with carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus,
and minerals

PATHWAYS OF POLLUTION
Ship pollution
- Oils spills, discharge of cargos and noise pollution.

PATHWAYS OF POLLUTION
Atmospheric pollution
- Wind blown dust and debris, including plastic
bags, are blown seaward from landfi lls and other areas.

PATHWAYS OF POLLUTION
Deep sea mining
- is a relatively new mineral retrieval process that
takes place on the ocean fl oor.

Types of
Pollution

OCEAN ACIDIFICATION

It is the ongoing decrease in

thepH of theEarths
oceans, caused by the
uptake ofcarbon dioxide
( CO2) from theatmosphere .
An estimated 3040% of the
carbon dioxide from human
activity released into the
atmosphere dissolves into
oceans, rivers and lakes.
Evil twin ofGlobal
Warming

EUTROPHICATION
It is an increase in
chemicalnutrients,
typically compounds
containingnitrogen
orphosphorus, in
anecosystem.
It can result in an increase
in the ecosystems primary
productivity (excessive
plant growth and decay),
and further effects
including lack of oxygen
and severe reductions in
water quality, fish, and
other animal populations.

PLASTIC DEBRIS
It is a human-createdwaste that has deliberately or
accidentally been released in alake,sea,ocean orwaterway.
Floating oceanic debris tends to accumulate at the centre of
gyres and oncoastlines, frequently washing aground, when it
is known asbeach litteror tidewrack.

TOXINS
Apart from plastics, there are particular problems
with othertoxins that do not disintegrate rapidly in
the marine environment.

PCBs,DDT,TBT,pesticides,furans,dioxins,phenolsandradioactive waste.

Heavy metals are metallic chemical elements that

have a relatively high density and are toxic or
poisonous at low concentrations.
Mercury,lead,nickel,arsenicandcadmium.

UNDERWATER NOISE
Marine life can be susceptible to noise or the sound
pollution from sources such as passing ships, oil
exploration seismic surveys, and naval lowfrequency activesonar. Sound travels more rapidly
and over larger distances in the sea than in the
atmosphere. Marine animals, such ascetaceans,
often have weak eyesight, and live in a world largely
defi ned by acoustic information. This applies also to
many deeper sea fi sh, who live in a world of
darkness.