WELCOME

- Y.Rama Krishna

DRAUGHT SYSTEM
The difference between the atmospheric
pressure and the pressure existing in the
furnace is called Draught.
Natural draught system
Induced draught system
Forced draught system
Balanced draught

system

FANS
An essential auxiliary equipment of the boiler.
Supply air for the combustion in the furnace. (FD Fan)
Evacuates the flue gases formed from the combustion. (ID fan)
Evacuation wouldnt be possible with out using FANS

Machines moving the gaseous fluids with a

pressure ratio up to 1.15 are know as FANS

IMPORTANCE of ID FAN
MAINTAINS THE DESIRED BALANCED DRAUGHT AND
NEGATIVE PRESSURE REQUIREMENT OF A FURNACE
WITH THE HELP OF F.D. FAN
Types Of Controls Employed For The Fans
Speed control
Inlet guide vane control
Damper control
Blade pitch control

REGULATION
The fan is adapted to changing operating conditions by
means of
Adjustable inlet dampers.

Varying the fan speed

Inlet Damper Control
Actuator
Variable Fan Speed

Two speed drive motor with inlet guide vanes

Variable Speed Hydraulic Coupling
Variable speed drives (stepped/step less variation)
Frequency Controlled Variable Speed Drive

VARIABLE TORQUE

BASIC VFD (LCI-VFD)

SYSTEM

LCI -Load Commutated Inverter

VFD -Variable Frequency Drive

SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE
RATING
6-PULSE

12-PULSE

KW

1488

3895

RPM

390

545

1804

2X2300

PF

0.85

0.85

Exc Volts

240

345

48

64

Volts (L-L)

Exc Amps

Stator YY , 10 pole, A.C.

Rotar

8 pole, D.C.

ISOLATION TRANSFORMER
The transformer provides isolation from the ac system bus.

Provides the correct voltage at the terminals of the rectifier i/p.

Internal impedance of the transformer limits the magnitude
of any downstream bus faults.
Transformer rating:KVA
= 3000
Volts HV/LV = 11/2.3 KV
Amps HV/LV = 157.5/753.1

CH-1 /
CH-2 /Y

RECTIFIER
I/P - CONSTANT a.c
O/P- VARIABLE d.c

THYRISTOR
FIRING

1 -- 2
2 -- 3
3 -- 4
4 -- 5
5 -- 6
6 -- 1
1 -- 2

Rectifier
O/p

INVERTER

INVERTER SWITCHING

LCI Drive

SPACE VECTOR
MODULATION

Inverter

o/p

LINE NOTCHES
& BUMPS

POWER MODULES 2.3

kV FOR VFD

Gate driver module

HPTK MODULE (Gate driver)

Voltage Regulator For Exciter

FIELD EXCITER MODULE

Overall Functional VFD Diagram

2-channel VFD

LINING-UP AND ISOLATION OF ID FAN

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

LINING-UP
Charge the cooling water to fan bearings.
Charge the cooler from water side & ensure the flow in
view glass.
Charge the motor cooling water and observe the FLOW
Line up the lube oil system
Normalize the power supply of inlet / outlet gates.
Normalize the supply of IGV.
Normalize the fan main breaker.
Check LOP s availability & interlock.
Release the EPB.
(always at the LAST)

STARTING
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Ensure no alarm persists on the source & load Breakers.

Check all the permissive available.
Check no fault is persisting.
Close the SOURCE breakers from OWS.
Ensure closing of the breakers from Local.
Close the Load Breakers.
Wait till the Drive attains a constant speed.
Then increase the speed as per requirement.
Use IGV & SPEED control to maintain DRAUGHT.

ISOLATION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Ensure that fan is in stopped condition.

Press EPB.
Electrically isolate the main breaker.
Earthing to be done as per the requirement.
Ensure that inlet / outlet gates are in closed condition.
Isolate the supply of inlet and outlet gates.
Isolate IGV supply.
Isolate LOP-1 & 2 motor power supply after ensuring that
fan at standstill.
9. Isolate cooling water to Oil coolers,Bearings,Motor coolers
10.Isolate the oil cooler from oil side.

ADVANTAGES OF USING V.F.D.

1. FAST RESPONSE
2. HIGH ACCURACY
3. HIGH EFFICIENCY
4. LOW MAINTENANCE
5. NO SUPPLY FLUCTUATION
6. SOFT START
7. INCREASE IN MOTOR LIFE

FURTHER APPLICATIONS
The success of VFD to the ID fan in the power plant opens
new channels for its application in the power plant auxiliaries like
1. MDBFP
2. FD FAN
3. PA FAN
4. GAS TURBINE STARTER
5. COMPRESSOR DRIVES
6. CENTRALISED AC SYSTEMS

CONCLUSIONS
Reduction in auxiliary power consumption approximately
by 10% at peak generation and by 15% at 60% generation.

SUGGESTIONS
Lower order Harmonics can be eliminated by using PWM
Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms
can be implemented for optimized control.

REFERENCES
1.
2.
3.
4.

NTPC ET course material.

NPTI training module
Customer training manual, LCI VFD vol & II -BHEL
Power Electronics -P.S Bimbhra, Khanna pub.

5.

Power Electronics converters, applications and design -N.Mohan,

Undeland,Robbins
6. VFD article, Kilowatt Classroom
7.

PWM Current Source Converter Induction Machine Drive -Alfons Klnne, Friedrich W. Fuchs
Christian-Abrechts-University of Kiel -Power Electronics and Electrical Drives,

8. A Variable Step-Size C-MEX S-Function for Reduced Simulation Times of

Variable Speed Drives, Alan Mullane, Gregor Gregorcic, Gordon Light body and
Robert Yacamini Department of Electrical Engineering, University College Cork, IRELAND

ID FAN
START PERMISSIVES FOR VFD CH-1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

VFD Source Breaker Not Disturbed

AND
VFD Source Breaker ON
AND
No VFD CH-1 Alarm Persisting
AND
VFD CH-1 Ready
AND
VFD CH-1 Start Permissive Available
AND
(VFD CH-2 ON) OR (Reg Damper Position Min(<2%)
AND Fan I/L & O/L Gates Closed)
AND
7. Fan Either LO P/P ON
AND
contd

8. Fan LO Press OK (>0.8 KSC)

AND
9. LO Temp. after Cooler Not High (<75 C)
AND
10. Fan Motor Brg. Temp. Not High (<85C)
AND
11. Fan Brg temp. Not High (< 90C )
AND
12. Fan Motor Winding Temp. Not High(<120 C ) AND
13. Fan VFD Auxiliary Supply OK
AND
14. FG path Available OR Other ID Fan ON
AND

ID FAN
PROTECTIONS FOR VFD CH-1

VFD CH-1 Fault Condition

OR
Motor Brg. Temp V High (TD 5 sec) >90C
OR
Fan Brg Temp V High (TD 5 sec) >110C
OR
Motor/Fan Brg. Vib V High (TD 15 sec) >9 mm/sec OR
Post Purge Trip from FSSS
OR
Both ID Fan ON AND FD Fan-A Tripped
OR
Fan ON (>01 min) AND O/L Gates Closed
OR
Fan ON (>01 min) AND I/L Gates Closed
OR
VFD CH-2 Fault Condition