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Chapter 1 JJ310
Chapter 1 JJ310
MOHD ANDAI
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING (JKM)
POLITEKNIK MELAKA (PMK)
DJJ3103 Strength of Materials
6 CHAPTERS IN JJ310
1. FORCES ON MATERIALS
2. THERMAL STRESSES AND
COMPOSITE BAR
3. SHEAR FORCES AND BENDING
MOMENTS
4. BENDING STRESSES
5. BEAM DEFLECTION
6. TORSION
3
UNIT
SI
TERA
GIGA
MEGA
KILO
HEKTO
DEKA
DESI
SENTI
MILI
MIKRO
NANO
PIKO
T
G
M
K
H
da
D
s
m
n
p
1012
109
106
103
102
101
10-1
10-2
10-3
10-6
10-9
10-12
Timah
Gigi
Mak
Kau
Habis
Da
Dah
Senget
Macam
Mana
Nak
pakai
CHAPTER 1
FORCES ON MATERIAL
(DAYA-DAYA PADA BAHAN)
EXAMPLE
Static (statik)
Dynamic
(dinamik)
Impact
(hentaman)
Fatigue (lesu)
Alternating
(ulang-alik)
compression
-cause
elongation
P
-cause
shortening
P
shear
-derailment
from another
layer
SHEAR
(RICIH)
TENSIONAL
(TEGANGAN)
COMPRESSION
(MAMPATAN)
P (Newton, N)
A (Area,m2)
hence..
Unit:
P(N)
A(m2 )
N
2
m
10
SHEAR
(RICIH)
TENSILE
(TEGANGAN)
COMPRESSION
(MAMPATAN)
11
L
L
Strain (Keterikan)
Final Long
(Perubahan panjang)
L( m)
L ( m)
m
m
There is no unit!!!!
12
(N / m )
E
Modulus Young
Stress (Tegasan)
Srain (Terikan)
13
EQUATION 1
EQUATION 2
EQUATION 3
14
P
E A
L
L
P L
E
A L
PL
E
LA
FROM EQUATION 3
FROM EQUATION 1
deform
FROM EQUATION 2
NEW EQUATION
ATTN: Formula of E can be used depend on the question
15
EXAMPLE 1 :
Figure 1.0 show one steel bar has rectangle cross
section measuring 30mm x 25mm. That bar
imposed 40kN tension force. Calculate stress
resultant.
Rajah 1.0 menunjukkan satu bar keluli mempunyai keratan rentas segiempat
tepat berukuran 30mm x 25mm. Bar tersebut dikenakan daya tegangan 40kN.
Kirakan tegasan yang terhasil.
40kN
40kN
Figure 1.0
16
Solution Example 1 :
Step 1
P
= 40kN
30mm = 0.03m
25mm = 0.025m
A = 0.03 x 0.025
= 7.5 x 10-4m2
Step 2
P(N)
2
A(m )
40 10
7.5 x 10-4
6
2
53.33 10 N / m
3
53.33MN / m
17
EXAMPLE 2 :
Figure 1.1 show one blocks cylinder that length
30cm, have diameter 10cm. This block bring
70kN compression load and contract as much
as 0.02cm. Find compressive stress and
compression strain.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan satu bongkah silinder yang panjangnya 30cm,
mempunyai ukur lilit 10cm. Bongkah ini membawa beban mampatan 70kN
dan mengecut sebanyak 0.02cm. Cari tegasan mampatan dan terikan
mampatan.
70kN
70kN
Figure 1.1
18
Solution Example 2 :
Step 1
P = 70kN
L = 30cm = 0.3m
L = 0.02cm = 2 x 10-4m
= 10cm = 0.1m
r = 0.05m
Cylinder Area
A = r2
= x 0.052
= 7.85 x 10-3m2
Step 2
A
3
70 10
3
7.85 10
6
2
8.92 10 N / m
8.92MN / m
19
Langkah 3
L
4
2 10
0.3
4
6.67 10
NO UNIT.
Remember!
20
EXAMPLE 3 :
21
Solution Example 3 :
Step 1
P = 52kN
L = 2m
E = 60GPa
= 60 x 109 Pa
= 60 x 109 N/m2
A = 25 x 20
= 500mm2
= 5x10-4m2
Pa = N/m2
Step 2
PL
E
LA
PL
L
EA
(52 10 ) 2
L
(60 109 ) (5 10 4 )
3
L 3.47 10 3 m
22
23
24
i.
Percentage of elongation
X 100%
%L
100%
Percentage of area
reduction =
changes area
original area
A
%A
100%
Ao
X 100%
26
EXAMPLE 1 :
Tensional test carried out on a matter, data
that recorded as follows :
Original Gauge length = 260mm
Final gauge length
= 295mm
Original diameter
= 30mm
Final diameter
= 19mm
Force, kN
20
60
100
140
160
170
172
176
178
Elongation x 10-3 mm
50
160
260
360
410
440
470
550
720
Force, kN
180
190
220
240
257
261
242
229
180
Elongation x 10-3 mm
760
900
b. Yield stress
c. Percentage of elongation
28
Solution Example 1:
Step 1
29
Step 2
Step 3
Lo = 260mm = 0.26m
X1= 35 x 10-3mm
= 3.5 x 10-5m
Lf = 295mm = 0.295m
X2 = 320 x 10-3mm
= 3.2 x 10-4m
Df = 19mm = 0.019m
Y1 = 25kN
Y2 = 125kN
Ao = ro2
Graph Gradient
= x 0.0152
= 7.069 x 10-4m2
125 25
( 3.2 10
351kN / m
) ( 3.5 10
)
30
Step 4
a. Modulus Young
P
A
E O
L
LO
PLO
E
LAO
Step 5
b.Yield stress
E (351103 )
LO
AO
0.26
E (35110 )
7.069 10 4
E 129.09 106 N / m 2
E 129.09MN / m
P
y
A
O
160 10
7.069 10
3
4
6
2
226.34 10 N/m
226.34MN/m
2
31
Step 6
Step 7
c.Percentage of
elongation
d.Maximum tension
stress
100%
L
0.295 0.26
100%
0.26
13.46%
Pm
m
Ao
260 10
m
4
7.069 10
2
m 367.8MN / m
3
32
Step 8
e.Percentage of area reduction
2
Af r f
A f (9.5 10 3 ) 2
A f 2.84 10 4 m 2
100%
Ao
(7.069 10 4 ) (2.84 10 4 )
100%
4
7.069 10
59.89%
33
34
G A
H
F
C
Longitudinal
strain
L
x
L E
L
Lateral
strain
d
y
d
d
d
L
36
y
x
37
EXAMPLE :
A bar has been forced as shown in Figure 1.3. Given E = 200GN / m 2,
= 0.4 calculate:
a. stress
b. longitudinal strain
c. lateral strain
Sebatang bar di kenakan daya seperti dalam rajah 3.2. Diberi E = 200GN/m 2, = 0.4 kirakan :
a. tegasan
b. keterikan membujur
c. keterikan sisi
250mm
45kN
30mm
45kN
50mm
Figure 1.3
38
Step 1
p = 250mm = 0.25m
t = 50mm = 0.05m
L = 30mm = 0.03m
P = 45kN
A=txL
= 0.05 x 0.03
= 1.5 x 10-3m2
Step 2
a.
A
3
45 10
3
1.5 10
2
30 MN / m
39
Step 3
b.
x
E
6
30 10
x
9
200 10
4
x 1.5 10
Step 4
c.
x
y
0.4
4
1.5 10
5
y 6 10
40
Shear force,P
a
Shear force,P
Rajah 1.9.1
b
e
41
42
V
2A x n
43
x
Shear force,P
Figure 1.9.2
44
Formula..
Shear stress
(TEGASAN Ricih)
Shear strain
(TERIKAN Ricih)
Modulus of rigidity
(Modulus
Ketegaran)
45
THANK YOU
46