DIGITAL MODULATION

-By Amitava Nath, FIE.

DIGITAL MODULATION
In Digital Modulation, the message
signal contains information in the
form of binary bits.
These binary bits are passed
through communication channels
after suitably modulating the carrier
signal.
This results in Digital Modulation.

DIGITAL MODULATION
TYPES
There are three basic types of digital
signalling1. Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
2. Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
3. Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
. All these are special cases of Amplitude
Modulation (AM), Frequency Modulation
(FM) and Phase Modulation (PM)
respectively.

AMPLITUDE SHIFT
KEYING

Simplest form of Digital Modulation.

In this Modulation, there is only one
unit energy carrier and it is switched
ON or OFF depending upon the nature
of I/P binary sequences.
To transmit 0 no signal is transmitted.
The wave form ASK looks like ON-OFF
of the signal and hence it is also known
as ON-OFF keying (OOK).

FREQUENCY SHIFT
KEYING
In FSK, the frequency of the carrier
signal is varied to represent the
binary 1 or 0.
The frequency of the signal during
each bit duration is constant and its
value depends on the bit (1 or 0).
Both amplitude and phase remain
constant as the frequency changes.

PHASE SHIFT KEYING

In PSK, the phase of the carrier signal
is varied to represent the binary 1 or 0.
The phase of the signal during each bit
duration is constant and its value
depends on the bit (1 or 0).
Both amplitude and frequency remain
constant as the phase changes.

MINIMUM SHIFT KEYING

It is a type of Frequency Shift Keying.
The Baseband signal is a smooth signal.
The spectrum of MSK has much wider
main lobe.
There is no change of phase for the
wave form of MSK.
There is no amplitude variation of when
an MSK wave passes a filter.

GAUSSIAN MSK
Gaussian MSK is popularly known as
GMSK.
MSK has limitation for use in multi-user
communication system.
To improve the performance of MSK, we
may put a pulse shaping filter premodulation filter.
The filter has narrow bandwidth sharp
cut off characteristics and impulse
response has relatively low overshoots.
Used in Mobile Systems.

QPSK
Popularly known as Quadrature
Phase shift Keying.
In PSK (BPSK) we use can handle
one bit a time.
In QPSK, we can process two bits a
time. For each two bits we can have
4 phase shifts00- 0 degree, 01- 90 degree, 10180 degree and 11-270 degree.
Used in Mobile Systems.

THANKS