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Translation Procedures: The Technical Component of The Translation Process Presentation by Dr. Angelo Pizzuto
Translation Procedures: The Technical Component of The Translation Process Presentation by Dr. Angelo Pizzuto
Direct translation
Oblique translation
Oblique translation
Compare:
He looked at the map. Lui ha guardato la mappa
He looked the picture of health. Era limmagine della salute.
(Back-translation: He was the image of health itself.)
(Back-translation: He was the image of health itself. He seemed in good
shape.)
I have a headache Mi duole la testa
I mi
Have duole (verb)
Headache mal di testa
Both English and italian have the corresponding elements
But the structure of the statement is different in the two languages. A direct
translation is no longer possible. The translator needs to use oblique
translation techniques.
Types of transposition
Adverb verb
I only defended myself.
(Back-translation I did nothing but defend myself.)
Adverb noun
I wrote to you early this year.
(Back-translation I wrote to you at the beginning of the
year)
Adverb adjective
He lives precariously
(Back-translation He leads a precarious life)
Modulation
Types of modulation
Most of the types are based on metonymy: e.g. referring to a
concept by an attribute of it. For example; the crown referring to
a monarch or Washington to refer to the United States
government.
1. Abstract Concrete or General Particular
I havent heard a word from him Non ho avuto sue notizie
(Back-translation: I have not had news from him.)
2. Explanatory modulation:
cause effect
Like a deer in the headlights. fermarsi paralizzato
(Back-translation: remain paralyzed)
Blind flying volare senza visibilit
(Back-translation: flight without visibility)
means result, or viceversa
Ill drive you home Ti accompagno a casa in auto
(Back-translation: Ill take you to your house in [my] car)
substance object
Brain drain Fuga di cervelli (double modulation)
(Back-translation: the exodus of experts)
Sensory modulation
A heavy coat una giacca pesante
(Back-translation: A thick coat)
A goldfish un pesce rosso
(Back translation: a little red fish)
In short, modulation is the technique that leads to a solution
that makes the reader - or the translator exclaim, Yes,
thats exactly what you would say.
6. Equivalence
Used to render expressions using different stylistic and
structural methods.
Most equivalences are fixed, and include idioms, clichs,
proverbs, nominal or adjectival phrases, onomatopoeia, etc.
Stop splitting hairs Non guardare il pelo nelluovo (Backtranslation: Stop looking for five legs in a cat)
Challenge: To recognize that the expression to be
translated is an idiom / proverb; to know the equivalent
expression in the T.L.
Equivalence also refers to fixed (lexicalized) terms, such as
terminology of a field of knowledge.
7. Adaptation
Used when the limit to translation is been reached, i.e. when a
simple translation would not work or it would produce a result
that is shocking in the target language and culture.
Titles of books, movies, and characters often fit into this
category
Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (Back-translation:
Two men and a destiny)
The Sound of Music
(Back-translation: Smiles and tears)
2. Paraphrasing
Translation does not mean explaining or commenting on a text,
or writing it in our own way. Paraphrasing, according to
Vsquez-Ayora, cannot be a translation method because using
it the text loses its characteristics. Too many explanations
destroys the conciseness of the work and makes it subject to
the same distortions of its counterpart literal translation.
3. Logical derivation
Cause effect modulation (logical modulation, according
to Fawcett)
Shorter [fewer] working hours (hours have become
fewer as a result of some action taken)
(Back-translation: reduction in working time / working
week)
Literal translation: the direct transfer of the source text into the
target language in a grammatically and idiomatically proper way.
GOOD MORNING
REFERENCES