ELECTRONIC FUEL INJECTION

Introduction
Strict emission standards require precise
fuel delivery
Computers used to calculate fuel needs
EFI very precise, reliable & cost effective
EFI provide correct A/F ratio for all loads,
speeds, & temp ranges

The Fuel Injector

Electromechanical device
Controlled by PCM
Engine rpm determines when injector
opens
How long it stays open determined by:
Engine temp
Engine load
Throttle pos.
O2 sensor voltage

Throttle Body Injection (TBI)

First injection
unit used
Housing similar
to Carb
One or two
injector
One or two of
these units
mounted to
intake manifold

FIG 6-40 CLASS

LOW PRESSURE FUEL

INJECTOR
13-16 psi
operating
pressure
Ball style
pintle
Easily
replaceable

GMs Crossfire Injection

Multi-Port Fuel Injection

One injector per cylinder
Mounts in intake
manifold, sprays directly
at intake valve
Fired in groups or
individually (SFI)
Ram Tuning for denser
air charge
Lower A/F temps
Leaner mixture during
warm-up

Bosch & Delphi Multec

Fuel Pressure Regulator

Located at end of fuel rail
Maintains constant pressure at injectors
Internal chamber contains a diaphragm
Pressurized fuel on one side
Manifold vacuum & spring tension on other

Manifold vacuum pulls up on diaphragm,

metering fuel that is returned to tank
Excess fuel pressure can overcome spring
tension, allowing fuel to return to tank
Increases in manifold pressure causes spring
tension to push diaphragm down, blocking return
line, increasing pressure in rail.

Fuel Pressure Regulator

Fuel Pressure Regulator

Vacuum hose
connection

Fuel
return

Fuel rail

Central Port Injection (CPI)

Injector located
in center of
intake manifold
60 psi system
6 or 8 poppet
valves attached
to one TBI type
injector

Central Multi-Port Injection

(CMPI)
Similar to
CPI
Individual
injectors,
with poppet
valves

CMPI Connections

Electrical Connectors

Fuel Supply

Fuel Return

CMPI Up Close

Cylinder
Numbers

Fuel Pressure Regulator

Poppet Nozzles
Contains a check
ball & extension
spring
Regulate the flow of
fuel into cylinder
Fuel flows when
pressure exceeds
40 psi
Ball reseats when
pressure drops

Injector Testing

Coil Test Specific current supplied, measures voltage

drop
Injector Balance Inj. Energized for a precise time frame,
record fuel pressure drop

Injector Circuit Testing

Noid lights
Simple test light that plugs into injector
connector
Light flashes with each electrical pulse

Injector Cleaning
Periodic cleaning
removes varnish &
other deposits
Pressurized canister
dispenses cleaning
solution
MUST disconnect
fuel pump!