Engineering Graphics and CAD lab

By
Chandra Pal Gautam

INTRODUCTION
Design Cycle
Recognition of need

Specifications

Design

Prototype Testing

Production

Drafting/Modeling
CAD/CAE

Definition
The

Engineering

Graphical

Drawing,

which

is

Communication of an accurate

and unambiguous description of an object,

has proved to be an efficient communication
method. It is a means of organizing and
presenting precise technical directions for
items to be produced for the consumers.

List of Equipments
Drawing Board
T- Square or Mini Drafter
Drafter
Instrument Box
Drawing Pencils, 7B3B , 2B , B ,

HB , H , 2H , 3H 9H,
Drawing Sheet
Clamps

DRAFTING BOARD

DRAFTING BOARD
a) Traditional drafting board is made of

soft wood where the drawing paper

can be attached on it.
b) The left side at the end of the board
is called working edge.
c) The working edge is made of a hard
wood so that the T-Square can
easily being put on it.
d) Modern board is user friendly where
it has a stand that can be modify
its height.

T SQUARE

T-Square
a)
b)
c)
d)

e)
)
)
)

Made of plastic
To draw horizontal lines
Used to hold triangles for vertical lines
The characteristic of T-Square are
A straight working edge
A long and smooth blade
The joint is 90 / tangent
The usage of T-Square is as follows:
To straighten the paper on the board
To draw straight line (vertical / horizontal)
It function as base for the set square which being used
to draw line

SET SQUARE 30, 60, 45

PROTRACTOR

PROTRACTOR
a) Tool to measure the angle and mark

the angle
b) Made of plastic
c) Shape is a circle and semi circle

SCALE

INSTRUMENT SET

COMPASS

ADJUSTABLE COMPASS

BEAM COMPASS

DROP SPRING BOW COMPASS

DIVIDER

FRENCH CURVE

WOOD PENCIL

WOOD PENCIL
Wooden
"Drawing"
pencils
are
specially made to allow for the
drawing
of
lines
at
different
thicknesses or darkness's.
b) The "HARDNESS" or "SOFTNESS" of
the lead determines the darkness or
thickness of the line.
c) The hardness of pencil eye is shown
on the letter and number on the pencil
itself
d) Pencil must be sharpened with blade
a)

 6B - Very soft for shading and rendering of pictorial

views
B - Soft for drawing thick "border" lines on title blocks
and drawing sheets
HB - Medium thick lines for freehand sketching
F - Medium thick lines for freehand sketching
H - Medium thick lines for freehand sketching or
lettering or drawing visible edges and outlines
of
surfaces
2H - Hard thin lines for drawing hidden lines to show
hidden surfaces or interior details
4H Hard thinner lines for drawing center lines and
locating centers of circle and arcs or the axis of
a
cylinder
6H - Hard very thin lines for drawing construction or
layout lines and guide lines for lettering

MECHANIC PENCIL

MECHANIC PENCIL
"Lead Holders" are an improvement over

wooden pencils as the different leads

can be used and finer points can be
obtained.
Standard leads are 2 mm in diameter.
Fine line leads are available in .3, .5, .7
and .9 mm diameters.

PENCIL
It is divided to 18 grades
Its from 7B(very soft) until 9H (very hard)
The pencil is made of graphite and clay
Hardness of the pencils eye depends on

the
ratio content of graphite and clay

7B until 2B
Most mild
For cross section line , profile line, title
letters
Need to be controlled
Easy to be erased and can get dirty

3H until B
For visible line , cross section line , title
letter
Need to be controlled
Easy to erase
Produce satisfying notes
Suitable for sketching drawing and
technical drawing

4H until 9H
The hardest
Not suitable for technical drawing
The usage of it should be avoided
because the line less clear and difficult to
be erased

Dimension of drawing board

Designation

To be used
with sheet
size

Size = L X B X
H (mm)

D0

A0

1500 x 1000x 25

D1

A1

1000 x 700 x 25

D2

A2

700 x 500 x 15

D3

A3

500 x 350 x 15

Type of Lines

Three main lines

Layout of Drawing Sheet

Lettering
Writing of titles, sub titles, dimensions, scale and

other details on a drawing is called Lettering.

Single stoke lettering
Type of lettering
a) Vertical letters Capital(Upper case) and
Small(lower case) letters.
b) Inclined Letters inclined at 750 to the horizontal
) Ratio of height to width is approximately 5:3.
) Different sizes of letters
a) Main Title 7 or 10 mm
b) Sub title 5 or 7mm
c) Dimensions , notes etc.