EXTRACTION OF

CAFFEINE FROM TEA

LEAVES

EXTRACTION
Separation technique based in
solubility of a substance to a solvent
Like dissolves like!
Polar functional groups:
hydroxyl (-OH)
carboxyl (-COOH)
formyl (-CHO)
carbonyl (-C=O)
amino (-NH2)

TYPES OF EXTRACTION
BASE ON PHASE
1. Solid Liquid Extraction
2. Liquid Liquid Extraction
BASE ON NUMBER OF EXTRACTION
1. Single Extraction
2. Multiple Extraction

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD
EXTRACTING SOLVENT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

High solubility
Non-reacting
Immiscible
Volatile
Non-toxic

TEA (Camella sinensis)

Cellulose
structural
carbohydrate

Flavonoid
Polyheterocyclic
compounds w/c
gives tea its color

Tannins
watersoluble
polyphenolic
s

Chlorophyll
green pigment

ALKALO

ALKALOIDS
Natural Product (secondary
metabolite)
N-containing heterocyclic compounds
Very weakly polar/Hydrophobic
Favors solubility in non-polar
solvent
O
O
HO

O
N

N
N
O
caffeine

O
N

N
N
nicotine

O
H

HO

cocaine

morphine

CAFFEINE
O

Natural Product
Purine nucleotide metabolite N

IUPAC Names

O
1,3,7-trimethylxanthine
N
1,3,7-trimethylpurine-2,6-dione

Health Effects
CNS acting
Increase BP and RR
Diuretic

caffeine

METHYLXANTHINE
FAMILY
O

O
N

HN
O

N
N

NH
N

theophylline

xanthine

O
O

HN

O
N

O
N

theobromine

caffeine

SOLID LIQUID
EXTRACTION
Tea Leaves
cellulose, chlorophyll,
tannins (gallotannins),
flavonoids, alkaloids
(caffeine)
+ aqueous Na2CO3 solution
heat

Residue
cellulose

Aqueous Extract
chlorophyll, tannins,
gallic acid, flavonoids,
alkaloids (caffeine)

LIQUID LIQUID
EXTRACTION
Aqueous Extract
chlorophyll, tannins, gallic
acid flavonoids, alkaloids
(caffeine)
+ DCM

Aqueous Layer
Tannins, gallic acid,
flavonoids

Organic Layer
Chlorophyll, alkaloids
(caffeine)
evaporation

CRUDE CAFFEINE
Chlorophyll, alkaloids

Organic Layer
Chlorophyll, alkaloids
(caffeine)
+ anhydrous
Na2SO4

Residue
Na2SO4 + water + water
soluble impurities

QUANTIFYING THE
COMPOUND
KD (solubility coefficient) ratio of
solute in the two solvent

FORMULA FOR MULTIPLE

EXTRACTION

Xi = amount left in aqueous layer
X0 = original amount in aqueous layer
Vaq = volume of aqueous layer
Vorg = volume of organic layer
i = number of extractions

Caffeine was extracted from 10.0 grams of tea

leaves (containing 0.5% caffeine) by solid-liquid
extraction using 100.0 ml of water and liquidliquid extraction using DCM. Initial tests on the
solubility of the caffeine on the two solvents
require 2.5 ml of DCM and 20.0 ml of distilled
water to completely solubilize 100.0 mg of
caffeine.
1. Compute for KD
2. How much caffeine can be extracted by single
extraction using 60.0 ml of DCM?
3. How much caffeine can be extracted by two
successive extraction using 30.0 ml of DCM per
extraction procedure?

THANK YOU