EPIGENESIS ERIK ERIKSON

Adnil Edwin Nurdin

INTRODUCTION

Living thing------growth & development

Basic concept-----growth-------measure--------absolute value
Based on measuring
---- development---------assessment------relative value
Based on comparison
Growth-----physical-----ex.womenhood
Development--------behavior-----a very nice and feminine girl
Occurs in stages

EPIGENETIC PRINCIPLE

Development occurs in sequential, clearly defined stages

Specific issue in each stage
Issues in each stage must be resolved
Development can proceed smoothly
Successful resolution failed in a particular stage
All subsequent stages reflect that failure
Maladjustment of:
Physical growth
Cognitive development
Social development
Emotional development
THE END IS THE MIRROR OF BEGINNING

Erik Erikson Stages of Life Cycle

1.Basic Trust versus Mistrust (birth-1 year)

Need for instant satisfaction, TRUE LOVE
Resolved-----Strong Basic trust, believe in others, hopeful attitude, self
confidence, trustful personality
Unresolved-------suspicious, cant control urge

2.Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt (1-3 years)

earning to walk, feed it self, talk, TOILET TRAINING
need for firm outer control, first discipline, in love----autonomy
to much outer control------shame
to much punishment, harsh discipline----self doubt

3.Initiative versus Guilt (3-5 years)

initiative arises in relation to tasks for the sake of activity
guilt arises on contemplated goal
mimic adult world
sibling rivalry
resolution through social role identification
I am a boy, she is a girl. I play with a toy gun, she plays with a doll
4.Industry versus Inferiority (6-11 years)
building, creating, accomplishing
need of systematic intruction for fundamentals of technology
sense of inadequacy and inferiority if child despairs of tools, skills, and
status among peers---socially decisive age---LEADER or FOLLOWER
IMPORTANCE OF SKILL DEVELOPING, TOYS, BOOKS etc.

5.Identity versus Role Diffusion (11 years-end of adolescence)

develop ego identity, peer group identity, group loyalty
appearance, hero worship (see M-TV)
unresolved-----role confusion---going astray
6.Intimacy versus Isolation (21-40 years)
to love, to work, to nurture others, to be responsible for others
resolved-----intimacy, loyalty, responsible, loving
unresolved---isolation, view that others are dangerous
7.Generativity versus Stagnation (40-65 years)
work for the future generation, productive, creativity, concern and
responsibility for others, striving to left some thing good for future
generation after death---GENERATIVITY
Unresolved-----self concern, isolated

8.Integrity versus Despair (more than 65 years)

integrity---sense of satisfaction that life has been productive and
worthwhile-----I WILL SLEEP IN PEACE, AND IF THE TIME CAME,
I HAVE LEFT SOMETHING USEFUL FOR POSTERITY. THANKS GOD
FOR THIS LIFE
Despair----what have I done in the past---FEARFUL OF DEATH

CONCLUSION
1.Growth and development occur in stages
2.Each stage has its own specific issues which must be resolved
3.Unresolved issues in certain stage will hamper the next stages
4.Growth and development failure

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT

JEAN PIAGET COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

The four development stages are described in Piaget's theory as:
Sensorimotor stage: from birth to age 2 years (children experience the world
through movement and senses and learn object permanence)
Preoperational stage: from ages 2 to 7 (acquisition of motor skills)
Concrete operational stage: from ages 7 to 11 (children begin to think
logically about concrete events)
Formal operational stage: after age 11 (development of abstract reasoning).