Unit 3 Review

Short Answer
Questions

1. What is the effect of both the SpanishAmerican War and WWI on the United
States?

Spanish American War - US goes

from isolation to
intervention/imperialism
WW1 rapid mobilization at home:
women go to work, production is
focused on the war effort,
government trying to raise money for
the war effort

2. What territories did the United States gain during this time
period? Why?

Philippines as a result of the Spanish American

war
Hawaii because of business interests
Guam as a result of the Spanish American war
Puerto Rico as a result of the Spanish
American war

3. Why does the Unites States go to war with

Spain?

Cuba was a colony of Spain and we had many

business interests there (sugar industry);
Cubans were fighting for independence from
Spain and we wanted to protect our business
interests.
Yellow Journalism also contributed when the USS
Maine exploded in Havana Harbor. Journalists
immediately blamed Spain and got Americans
behind the war effort

4. Who is Alfred T. Mahan? Why is he

important?

Alfred T. Mahan was a naval officer. He favored

militarism because believed America needed a
strong military, especially a strong navy to
expand and protect our territories

5. Describe the United States foreign policy during this

time and be sure to explain how and why it changes.

America goes from an isolationist stance,

remaining apart from other countries affairs, to
one of intervention, or getting involved in other
countries for various reasons (think factors of
imperialism)

6. How did the United States gain Hawaii?

Business owners, such as Sanford Dole, started

a revolution to overthrow the Queen in Hawaii
to protect their business interests in sugar and
pineapples
Once it was Republic, Dole (new president)
asked for annexation. President Cleveland said
no (against imperialism); President McKinley
agreed

7. Why did some people want to annex the

Philippines? Why did some not want
annexation?

For Economic motives it could provide us

new resources and naval bases (think motives
of imperialism)
Against- some thought that the US had enough
problems already. Once we take over a territory,
we also have to take care of its people. Also,
America is founded on Democracy.

8. Why do some people argue that the Panama

Canal was important to the United States,
especially after the Spanish-American War?

The Panama Canal shortened the trip between

the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. We no longer
had to travel all the way around the tip of South
America
New colonies and economic interests in the East
meant the U.S. needed to have a quick route
there to protect those interests

9. Compare and contrast U.S. policies of imperialism in the

eastern hemisphere with those in the western hemisphere.
Western Hemisphere
Focused on Latin America
Roosevelt Corollary said we would respond
with police action if the Monroe Doctrine was
violated
Dollar Diplomacy should focus on building up
Latin American economies; Taft
Building the Panama Canal
The Platt Amendment laid out rules for
Cuban independence; essentially made Cuba a
protectorate
US Territories in the Western Hemisphere
Puerto Rico

Eastern Hemisphere

Open Door Policy with China said

China would remain open to free
trade
Philippine-American War US
gained Philippines as result of
Spanish-American War. Philippines
declared war on us.
Annexation of Hawaii was based
on business interests; sugar and
pineapple
US Territories in Eastern Hemisphere
Hawaii, Philippines (until 1946),
Guam

10. Why does the United States

declare war on Germany?
Because of Germanys unrestricted submarine
warfare. They sunk US vessels and refused to
stop. The sinking of the Lusitania and the
Zimmerman Telegram also contributed.

11. Who is John J. Pershing and why is he

important?

John J. Pershing is the General leading the

American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) in
WW1.

12. Who is Alvin York and why is he important?

Alvin York was a soldier in WW1. His

bravery earned him the Medal of Honor.

13. How does the United States prepare for war with
Germany in WWI? (What is happening on the homefront?)

The United States had to mobilized its population and

organize its economy to win the war. They created new
government agencies to do this, such as the War
Industries Board, Liberty Bonds, Food Administration,
Fuel Administration, War Labor Board, and the
Committee on Public Information.

14. Who is Henry Cabot Lodge and why is he

important?

He was a senator who opposed ratifying

the Treaty of Versailles because he
favored an isolationist approach.

15. What is the significance of the court case

Schenck vs. United States? Espionage Act?
Espionage Act made it illegal to aid the enemy, give false
reports, or interfere with the war effort
Sedition Act made it illegal to publically criticize the
government
Schenck v. United States Schenck sued the US claiming the
Acts violated his First Amendment rights. The Supreme Court
upheld the law saying that the government could restrict
speech when it created a clear and present danger
Individual freedoms and rights can be withheld during a time
a of war

16. What new technology was developed during

WWI and how did it affect the war?
Machine guns, flame throwers, tanks, zeppelins, Uboats/submarines, battleships, poison gas, trench
warfare, fighter planes
This new technology led to trench warfare and a
stalemate, or neither side making progress
The tank brought an end to this stalemate

17. Compare and Contrast the Treaty of

Versailles with Wilsons Fourteen Points.
Treaty of Versailles Forced Germany to take the blame for the
war, made Germany pay reparations, Germany had to reduce its
arms/weapons, and Germany lost territory
14 Points No secret alliances, freedom of the seas, reduced
armaments, self-determination, restore land taken, create League
of Nations
Things they have in common disarmament for Germany, restoring
lost territory, creation of the League of Nations

18. Why did the U.S. not sign the Treaty of

Versailles?

The US would have to join the League of

Nations. Many feared this would draw the US
into new wars without Congresss consent.
Henry Cabot Lodge favored an isolationist
approach

Vocabulary

Imperialism

Nationalism

the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation

over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and
dependencies
Extreme pride for your country; spirit or aspirations common to the
whole of a nation

Neutrality

not taking part or giving assistance in a dispute or war between

others

Isolationism

the policy or doctrine of isolating one's country from the affairs of

other nations by declining to enter into alliances, foreign economic
commitments, international agreements, etc.

Interventionism the policy or doctrine of intervening, especially government

interference in the affairs of another state or in domestic economic
affairs

Sovereignty

supreme and independent power or authority in government as

possessed or claimed by a state or community

Annexation

adding to something larger, especially the incorporation of new

territory into the domain of a city, country, or state

Stalemate

any position or situation in which no action can be taken or

progress made; deadlock

Yellow
Journalism

featuring articles, pictures, or other content that is sensational,

especially morbidly or offensively so

Monroe
Doctrine

the policy, as stated by President Monroe in 1823, that the U.S.

opposed further European colonization of and interference with
independent nations in the Western Hemisphere

Roosevelt
Corollary

a corollary (1904) to the Monroe Doctrine, asserting that the U.S.

might intervene in the affairs of an American republic threatened
with seizure or intervention by a European country

Dollar
Diplomacy

Policy of joining business interests of a country with its diplomatic

interests abroad

Zimmerman
telegram

Coded message from Germany to Mexico proposing an alliance

between the nations during WWI that would result in Germany
assisting Mexico in regaining territory lost to the U.S. (cause)

Lusitania

British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-boat during

WWI. Also carried Americans and war goods. (cause)

Selective
Service Act

Compulsory (required) military service under which men were

conscripted selectively

Liberty Bonds

A loan from citizens to the government to help finance the war. Will
be repaid with interest.

Espionage Act

illegal to interfere with military recruiting or to encourage disloyalty

to the government or military

Fourteen Points Wilsons plans for peace post WWI. Included self-determination,
league of nations, freedom of the seas, and forgiveness for
Germany
Treaty of
ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers.
Versailles
Germany must admit guilt, league of nations is created
League of
Nations

International organization created to maintain world peace. Proved

later to be ineffectual through lack of support especially from
United States.