Study of Seerah of Prophet Muhammad

PBUH as role model for

INDIVIDUAL
DIPLOMAT
EDUCATOR
MILITARY STRATEGIST
PEACE MAKER
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From a Royal family

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As an Individul

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Role Model as
Individual
Diplomat
Educator
Military Strategist
Peace Maker

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Introduction
1. He (PBUH) was not a Preceptor for a specific subject
2. Neither did he categorize any specific group to be his disciples,
Preceptor for all the human groups
3. His teaching comprises for mankind of all ages
4. His universal Prophet hood is described as Allah Almighty says:

And we have not sent you (O Muhammad (PBUH) except

as a giver of glad tidings and Warner to all mankind, but
most of men know not.
Say (O Muhammad (PBUH): O mankind! Verily, I am sent to
you all as the messenger of Allah
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As an Individual
1. Preceptor of Ethics
2. As a Social Preceptor
3. As Trader

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As individual
In order to give ethics and purify all ethical ills,
his personality presents a complete,
comprehensive and safe pattern to be followed
He vividly described the purpose of his
Prophethood in these words: That I have been
sent to complete good morals

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The basic purpose of his Prophethood was to show a

climax of good morals
As a moral Preceptor he himself was embodiment of lofty
moral values
Hazrat Abuzar Ghaffari (R.A) sent his brother to view his
Seerah and message and his brother told him: I saw Holy
Prophet
(PBUH) gives education of good morals
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Individual in Social Life

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Important rules of Social Life /

Education
1. Do not be jealous of others
2. Do not provoke each other to mutual opposition
3. Do not feel malice
4. Do not break relations with others
5. Do not make a bargain over someone elses bargain
6. Do not be cruel to one another
7. Do not leave each other helpless
8. Do not insult one another
9. Every Muslims blood, property, honor are unlawful to the other
Even to be virtuous or wicked depends upon the evidence of the neighbors. So, in social
education to consider the rights of relatives and neighbors was regarded a standard of
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faith

As an individual in Politics
The Holy Prophet also educated humanity in the field of
politics
In political life he abolished sovereignty of man over
other men and established a system of the sovereignty
of Allah
He commanded:
There is no obedience of creature in the disobedience
to God

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Principles of Political Life

1. Sovereignty of Allah
2. Human Rights
3. Equality before law
4. Social Justice
5. Consultancy in governance
6. Khalafat of Man Kind
7. Decision by Shura

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Individual in Economic Life

1. Sacredness of lawful Earning
2. Obligations of Charity and Zakat
3. Prohibition of Interest
4. Determined the rights and duties of the employer
and the employed

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Almida 03

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Forbidden unto you (for food) are carrion and

blood and swineflesh, and that which hath
been dedicated unto any other than Allah,
and the strangled, and the dead through
beating, and the dead through falling from a
height, and that which hath been killed by
(the goring of) horns, and the devoured of
wild beasts, saving that which ye make
lawful (by the death-stroke), and that which
hath been immolated unto idols. And
(forbidden is it) that ye swear by the divining
arrows. This is an abomination. This day are
those who disbelieve in despair of (ever
harming) your religion; so fear them not, fear
Me! This day have I perfected your religion
for you and completed My favour unto you,
and have chosen for you as religion al-Islam.
Whoso is forced by hunger, not by will, to
sin: (for him) lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.
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As a trader
1. Encouraged industrialization and trade
2. The biggest source of mans exploitation is interest and the
biggest evil that destroys mans morals and character is
wine/drinking
3. The income got from interest, wine, and adultery absolutely
unlawful
4. Excellent rules of marketing by prohibiting to make a bargain
over another bargain, to sell goods at the place from where
purchased, and to sell it before gaining its possession
5. He founded trade upon hard work, exchange of beneficial things,
services and mutual willingness instead of cheating or
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coincidence
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As Military
Strategist
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Famous military Strategists

1. Sun Tzu defined 13 principles in his The Art of
War

A Chinese military general, strategist Born: 544-496

BC

2. Napoleons 115 maxims on war

3. General Nathan Bedford Forrest
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Sun Tzu principles in his The Art

of War
The art of war is governed by five constant factors,
1.The Moral Law
2.Heaven
3.Earth
4.The Commander
5.Method and discipline

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Napolon Bonaparte
1. Napolon Bonaparte had pioneered the "Principles of War
2. The armies of today are based on the organization created
by Napoleon
3. Originally concerned with strategy, grand tactics and
tactics,
4. The principles are largely applied to the strategic decisionmaking, and in some cases, to operational mobility of
forces

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Principles of war in the Soviet Union

and Russia from (Soviet AirLand Battle Tactics.)
1.High combat readiness
2.Surprise, decisiveness
and active seeking to
secure the initiative
3.full use of all means of
combat
4.coordination and
interaction of all types
and branches
5.decisive concentration
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7. full use of morale-political

factor
8. firm and continuous
command and control
9. decisiveness during the
mission
10.security of combat operations
11.timely restoration of troop
combat readiness

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General Nathan Bedford Forrest

American Civil War General had only one:
to "[get] there first with the most men

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United States principles of war

(US Army Field Manual)

1. Objective early defined, decisive and attainable objective

2. Offensive Seize, retain, and exploit the initiative
3. Mass Mass the effects of overwhelming combat power at the decisive
place and time
4. Economy of Force Employ all combat power available in the most
effective way possible
5. Maneuver Place the enemy in a position of disadvantage Unity of
Command For every objective, seek unity of command and unity of effort
6. Security Never permit the enemy to acquire unexpected advantage.
7. Surprise Strike the enemy at a time or place or in a manner for which he
is unprepared
8.
Simplicity Prepare clear, uncomplicated plans and concise orders
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Holy Prophet as Military

Strategist

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Strategy in Badar 624 AD

1. The Makkans had 3-1 superiority
-adequate for a breakthrough
2. The Muslims wanted to return to
Medina and fight there, but the holy
Prophet wished to stand and fight at
Badr and his desire prevailed
3. It is the considered view of historians,
both Muslims and others that the
battle of Badr was won by the Muslims
with Allah's blessings and owing to the
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Analysis
It was the correct decision from the tactical and
political point of view
He was able to galvanize his small force and motivate
them with his personal courage and conviction to attain
victory
Holy prophet was knowing the train
Holy Prophet gave his followers two tactical
advantages
I. the choice of ground and time of attack; selected hard
ground for his force
II. and forced the Makkans to attack through soft sand with the
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What is
important

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War of Uhad 625 AD

1. A force of about 3,000 Makkans arrived near Medina to defeat
the Muslims
2. Holy Prophet wished to fight around the city itself but accepted
the advice of the elders to have the battle outside Medina
3. Holy prophet led a force of 1000 Muslims and the battle took
place near the hill of Uhad
4. Losses were heavy on both sides
5. Khalid bin Walid with his cavalry nearly turned the tide for the
Makkans
6. The holy Prophet PBUH successfully exhort his followers to hold
fast compelling the Makkan force to withdraw
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War of Trench (khanqaq)/Battle of the

Confederates ( ) 627 AD
1. Makkans made yet another attempt to defeat and
destroy the Muslims in Medina
2. attacking force was 10,000 strong, the biggest force
ever seen in Arabia
3. 3,000 Muslims for the defense of Medina, but he had
a large ditch dug around the vulnerable areas of the
city
4. This was a revolutionary idea at the time
5. These defenses were able to halt the enemy
advance, punish his attempts to cross and eventually
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War of Khaiber
1. In September 628 the holy Prophet marched to Kheibar, 75 miles
north of Medina
2. Kheibar was an action against the Jews and consisted of a series
of battles against fortified positions had to be reduced,This was
the first occasion when the Muslims came across fixed
defenses
3. The holy Prophet PBUH took Wadi al Qura, also inhabited by Jews
4. As war with Muslims seemed imminent, the Jews of Khaybar
entered into an alliance with the Jews of Fadak

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Fattha E Makkah January 630

The holy Prophet occupied Makkah along with
10,000 followers
It was a peaceful capture of Makkah
Having taken Makkah the supreme triumph of
the career, the circle was complete
Muslims defeated the tribe of Hawazin east of
Makkah at Hunain

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Battle of Tebook September 630

September 630 the Holy Prophet led an expedition to the
Byzantine frontier to the north as it was reported that a
large garrison of Byzantine troops had gathered at Tebook
The holy Prophet led an army of 30,000
At Tebook he signed an agreement with the local Christian
and Jewish leaders under which they were afforded
protection and in return they agreed to pay pool tax
This was the pattern followed later in all cases

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Reason for war against the

Byzantine Empire/ Tabook
One of Muhammad's ambassadors was killed by
Sharhabeel bin Amr Al-Ghassani (the governor
of Al-Balqa).
This led to the Battle of Mutah
The emperor of the Byzantine Empire, Heraclius
was preparing a force to demolish the growing
Muslim power in the region Ar-Rahq alMakhtum by Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri
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Holy Prophet as Military

Strategist
1. Before taking a final decision the holy Prophet always
consulted his companions
2. Occupying strategically locations
3. Disobeying the commander may reverse the result of
war
4. Consolidation after war was important too
5. Pre-emptive strike against emery
6. General immunity after war
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As diplomat
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Diplomacy in the Nabuwat SAWOutline

1. Initial diplomacy of Arabs
2. Initial Diplomacy in the time of Nabuwat
a. Delegation and diplomats appointed by Holy Prophet PBUH
b. Peace Treaties by Holy Prophet PBUH
i.
ii.

Treaty Of Madina
Treaty of Hudabia

c. Diplomatic Epistles

3. Effects of Diplomatic Efforts of Holy Prophet PBUH

4. Modern Standards of a Diplomat
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Initial Ambassadors/Delegation
of Arabs
1. Bannu Udai was initial Diplomat of Arabs - Initially it
was Hazrat Umer RA
2. Initial Delegation was sent to Banu Khazaraj by
Bannu Ouws
3. Quraish sent their delegation to Habsha to send
Muslim back

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Initial Diplomats appointed by Holy

Prophets
1. Ghazwa Bannu Nuzair Muhammad Bin Musalma
Owsi was appointed as ambassador
2. Delegation was sent during Battle of Ahzab to Banu
Quraiza to remained them the pacts signed with
Muslims
3. Diplomatic delegation was led by Hazrat Usman RA
during Hudabia Treaty

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Name of
Diplomat

Sent to

Hazrat Diha
Kalbi RA

The
Country
was

Purpose

Impact

Roman
Super
King Herkul Power at
that time

Invitation to

Spreading

embrace Islam

Islam beyond

Hazrat
Abdullah Bin
Sahmi RA

King of Iran Do
Khusro
Perviz

To remain with

Arab

Hazrat Uro
Bin Ummyia

Ruler of
Habsha
Najashi

Neighbor

Hazrat Hatib
Bin Abi Balta
RA

Ruler of
Egypt
Maqoqas

Regional
Power

Hazrat Shuja
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Bin
Wahab

Ruler of
Syria

Regional
Power

peace with Muslim peninsula

State of Madina

Minimizing
the chances
of aggression
Good will
generated
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Name of
Diplomat
Hazrat Numair
RA

Sent to
Taif

Hazrat Tabyan
RA

Bakar Bin
Vail

Hazrat Haris
RA

Haris Bin
Umair

Area/Triba Purpose
l Chief

Impact

Local
Influential

Political

Spreading

relations

Islam

Tribal Chief To end religious Minimizing

enmity

the chances
of local
aggression
Good will

Hazrat Alqama Abu Sufyian

RA
Hazrat Umro
RA

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generated
To help the
poor Quraish

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Important-where diplomacy fails

war becomes inevitable
1. Hazrat Haris Bin Umair , sent to Shah Busra
and Hazrat Habib Zaid RA sent to Musalma
Kizab were assassinated
2. Army was deployed

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Charter of Madina
622 AD
1 AH

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Back Ground of Charter of

Madina
Prolonged Wars
1. There was fighting in Medina mainly involving its pagan and Jewish i
for around a hundred years before 620
2. The recurring slaughters and disagreements over the resulting
claims,
3. In last years in Mecca, a delegation from Medina, consisting of the
representatives of the 12 important clans of Medina, invited Holy
prophet as a neutral outsider to Medina to serve as the chief
arbitrator for the entire community
4. It was obvious to them that the tribal conceptions of blood-feud and
an eye for an eye were no longer workable unless there was one man
with authority to adjudicate in disputed cases
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2. Increasing influence of
Quresh-e-Makkah
1. And the threat to the life of both the Ansar and
the Muslims was such that they were reported
as having to sleep by their weapons all night
2. Two Options
a) Gaining the control of Trade routes of Quresh with
Syria
b) Peace treaty with neighbors

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Offer
The delegation pledged themselves
and their fellow-citizens to accept
Muhammad into their community
and physically protect him as one of
themselves

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Major clauses of the Charter of Madina

622
1. Fidiya/Qasas shall continue-Tribal values honoured
2. The mutual assistance of each other if one signatory were to be
attacked by a third party-Like SETO, CENTO
3. Freedom to posses religion-The resolution that the Muslims would
profess their religion and the Jews theirs
4. The appointment of Muhammad as the leader of the state- Role as
political leader
5. No one shall protect the Quraish-e-Makkah
6. If a peace treaty is signed between one party other shall accept ( not
in case of religious issues)

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Analysis Charter of Madina 1/2

1. Constitution of Medina, to regulate the matters of governance of the
city
2. The extent and nature of inter-community relations since signatories
to it included theMuslims, theAnsarand the variousJewishtribes of
Medina
3. To end the bitter intertribal fighting between the rival clans of Banu Ows
and Banu Khazraj
4. To maintain peace and cooperation among all Medinan groups for
fashioning them into a social unity
5. To ensured freedom of religious beliefs and practices for all citizens
6. To assured that representatives of all parties, Muslim or non-Muslim, for
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Cont 2/2
8. No one should go to war before consulting the Prophet No war Pact
9. It established the security of women
10.A judicial system for resolving disputes
11.It declared the role of Medina as a aram ( sacred place), where no
weapons can be carried and no blood spilled
12.Charter of Medina, Established Federation" among the eight Medni
tribes and Muslim emigrants
13.Specified the rights and duties of all citizens and the relationship of the
different communities in Medina (including other "Peoples of the
Book)

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Rights of non-Muslims
1. The security of God is equal for all groups
2. Non-Muslim members will have the same political and cultural
rights as Muslims
3. They will have autonomy and freedom of religion
4. Non-Muslims will take up arms against the enemy of the Ummah
and share the cost of war
5. There is to be no betrayal between the two
6. Non-Muslims will not be obliged to take part in religious wars of
the Muslims

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Quotes
1. The constitution reveals Muhammad's Great Diplomatic
Skills,It allows the ideal that he cherished of an Ummah
(community) based clearly on a religious outlook to sink
temporarily into the background and is shaped essentially
by practical considerations (Encyclopedia of Islam )
2. Constitution of Medina is the precious documents, it turned
in prostrating both the Roman and the Persian Empires in
two decades

(In the shadow of the sword: The Battle for Global Empire
and the End of the Ancient World, Tom Holland)

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Analysis
1. Bernard Lewis one important aspects was the inclusion of the
Jewish tribes in the Ummah because although the Jewish tribes
were "one community with the believers," they also "have their
religion and the Muslims have theirs."
2. The contract was built upon the concept of one community of
diverse tribes living under the sovereignty of one God
3. Muhammad T-U-Q argues that it is the first written charter, He
has published an e-book of the 63 constitutional articles
4. The Charter of Medina also instituted peaceful methods of
dispute resolution among diverse groups living as one people but
without assimilating into one religion, language, or culture
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Treaty of Hudabia
BETWEEN MUHAMMAD, REPRESENTING THE STATE
OF MEDINA , AND THE QURAYSH TRIBE OF MECCA IN
MARCH 628/ZIQAAD 6 AH)

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Treaty of Hudabia-Back ground

1. The treaty showed the holy Prophet as a statesman
who could achieve his objective without resort to
arms
2. Holy Prophet wished to perform Umra and left
Medina with about 1600 followers
3. When the Quresh heard of his journey they deployed
200 horsemen to prevent his advance
4. Many attempts of negotiation failed
5. Baiat-e-Rizwan
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Treaty of Hudabia
The main points of the treaty
1.There would be peace between the two sides for 10
years
2.The Muslims would not perform Umra that year but
could return the following year and stay in Makkah for
three days
3.Muslims shall come without arm , next year
4.Madni Muslims cant take Makki Muslims with them, if
a Mandi muslim want to stay he shall be allowed
5.If any Makki went to Madina he shall be
returned not the Madni

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Three Important points

1. Accepting Holy Prophet
(PBUH)-Suhayl ibn
Amr
2. sReturning pagan back
to Makkans

Embracing Islam by
Umme Kulsum

3. No permission to
perform Hajj this year

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Significance of the Ummah

1. Redefinition of ties between Muslims
2. It sets relationship of faith above blood-ties and emphasizes
individual responsibility
3. Tribal identities are still important, and are used to refer to
different groups, but the important relation for the newly
created ummah was religion In contrasts with the norms of preIslamic Arabia
4. This is an important event in the development of the small
group of Muslims in Medina to the larger Muslim
community and empire

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Aftermath
1. In 629, the Muslims returned as promised in the treaty, for the first
pilgrimage
2. The next year, the clan of the Banu Bakr, allied with the Quraish,
attacked the Bedouin Khuza'a, Muslims allies
3. Muhammed considered the Banu Bakr attack a breach of the treaty,
citing one of the clauses of the treaty: "an attack on an ally of the
party, will be considered an attack on the party itself", and
offered the Quraish three alternatives:
Dissolve their alliance with the Banu Bakr
Compensate by paying money
Dissolve the treaty
4. The Quraish chose the third alternative, Muslims decided to march80 on
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Famous Epistles
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HERACLIU
S (610641)
The
Byzantine
Empire+Ira
nian
counterpart
, kept a
tight hand
over the
civilized
world
Famous
Dialogue

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CHOSROES
II
Known as
Khusro
Parvez
sent through
Abdullah bin
Hudhafara

When he
read the
letter,
Khusroe tore
it up and illtreated the

MUQAUQIS
He was the Prefect as well
as Patriarch of Alexandria
acting as the Governor of
Egypt on behalf of the
Byzantine Emperor. carried
by Hatib ibn Abi Baltaara.

Al-Muqauqis did not accept

Islam -treated the envoy
with respect -sent some two slave-girls, one of
whom was Maria Qubtiya
(RA) -white mule -Daldal.

NEGUS
ALASHAM,
KING OF
ABYSSINI
A
carried by
Amr bin
Umayya
Damrira

MUNZHIR
TAIMI,
Chief of
Bahrain.
This letter
was
carried by
Ala ibn
Hadramira

Accepted
Islam

Accepted
Islam

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MUQAUQIS

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Analysis
1. As the subsequent events show, this treaty proved to be
beneficial for the cause of Islam
2. It ended the atmosphere of constant hostility and the nonbelievers of Makkah started coming to Madinah
3. Having free contacts with the believers, they got the chance
to study closely the Islamic way of life
4. Large number of unbelievers accepted Islam after this treaty
5. This was the turning point for the Muslims and thus proved
the victory later for Muslims

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Impacts of Diplomatic Efforts

1. International Poetical Scenario changed in later years
2. Islam spread beyond Arab Peninsula
3. Expansion of Islamic state
4. Oman, Bahrain and Yemen entered in the circle of Islam
5. These were fertile land and rich in natural resources
6. These states proved to be a good source of raw
material, man power and other resources

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Qualities of a Diplomat
Ambassador Robert D. Blackwill
Henry A. Kissinger Senior Fellow for U.S. Foreign Policy

1. Passion for peace diplomacy and international

relations
2. Be a tough and effective negotiator
3. Know History
4. Cultivate policy flexibility
5. Know political ideology
6. Take advantage of luck when you encounter it

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Diplomat/Important
Principles/Characteristics of
Diplomacy
1. Peace as main tool of diplomacy
2. Preaching the ideology _ Islam
3. Be flexible on ways but firms on goal
4. Give importance to all sort of powers (Super powers, regional, local)
5. Never ignore minorities and women
6. War is the result of failure of diplomacy
7. Protect the ambassador by all means
8. Minimize the chance of aggression
9. Appointed Ambassadors of High Caliber and prestige

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As peace Makers
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Pre Prophet hood and after

prophethood
1. Half Al-fazool
2. Fixing Hijer-e-Aswad
3. Charter of Madina
4. Hudabiya Treaty
5. Kept the treaty of Shaib-e-Abi Talib
6. Did not opted curse for people of Taif

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Al-Fudoul Confederacy 1/2

1. At the conclusion of herb-e-Fijar /wars peace was restored
2. People felt the need for forming confederacy at Makkah for
suppressing violence and injustice, and vindicating the rights
of the weak and the destitute
3. Representatives of Banu Hashim, Banu Al-Muttalib, Asad bin
Abd Al-Uzza, Zahrah bin Kilab and Taim bin Murra were
called to meet in the habitation of an honorable elderly man
called Abdullah bin Jadaan.

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Al-Fudoul Confederacy 2/2

The Messenger of Allah witnessed this league and commented
"I witnessed a confederacy in
Jadaan. It was more appealing
Even now in the period of Islam
attending such a meeting if I
1/113,135]

the house of Abdullah bin

to me than herds of cattle.
I would respond positively to
were invited." [Ibn Hisham

In fact, the spirit of this confederacy and the course of

deliberations therein marked a complete departure from the
pre-Islamic tribal- pride.

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Peace through
1. Religious Tolerance
2. Human Equality
3. Economic Justice
4. Prefer peace over War
5. Peace Treaties

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As an Educator
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Introduction
1. He (PBUH) was not a Preceptor for a specific subject
2. Neither did he categorize any specific group to be his disciples,
Preceptor for all the human groups
3. His teaching comprises for mankind of all ages
4. His universal Prophet hood is described as Allah Almighty says:

And we have not sent you (O Muhammad (PBUH) except

as a giver of glad tidings and Warner to all mankind, but
most of men know not.
Say (O Muhammad (PBUH): O mankind! Verily, I am sent to
you all as the messenger of Allah
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Multidimensional Teachings
1. All departments of life were touched by his inspirational
teaching
2. Ethical, matrimonial, socio-political and economic life, his
sayings for military, religion, management and health
3. His Seerah is as relevant to our dilemmas as it is for all the
times
4. He also gave psychological and legal guidance to humanity
5. Along with men he educated women, children and even slaves

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Prayer of Hazrat Ibrahim AS

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Back Ground
1.Iqra ; First Message
2.Holy Prophet PBUH said : I am sent as a
Teacher
3.Opted to teach the people around him when
Arab were Illiterate
4. Banu Hashim was respectable for their Education
too
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1. Philosophy of Education
1.Philosophy of Education was Ilam-oNafian ( The Useful knowledge)
a. The Knowledge required for self = Mandatory
b. The knowledge for other = Useful
c. The Knowledge and Practice = Piety
2. Education of all type (religious + Scientific)

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2. Establishment of Institutions
1.Suffa first school _ Modern (MaktabMadarssas)
2.First Boarding school - Suffa
3.Masjid as educational Institution
4.Institution of Compilation Hazrat Abada
bin Sabit RA
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3. Curriculum
1. Not fixed about according to ability of studentmodern education system is based on it
2. Curriculum Include
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
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Philosophy
Linguistic
Civics
Social Sciences
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4. Importance of Education
1. Meaning
2. Enlightenment
3. Change of Behaviors
4. Seeking Knowledge as Jihad
5. Knowledge as Basic Right

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5. Teaching Methodology
1. Repeating the talk

1. Comparison of things

2. Explanatory talk with

examples

2. Narrating main points

then explanations of all

3. Educating with
practice
4. Education with
lectures

3. Asking questions from

students
4. Permitting questions
5. Praising good questions

5. Use of drawings
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6. Of students
1. Accepting more from intelligent students
2. Preferring needy students over himself
3. Understanding the abilities f students
4. Respecting intelligent students
5. Noticing the absentees

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7. Characteristics
1. Taught without wages
2. Never concealed knowledge
3. Education and practice at a time
4. Know the students-Psychologist
5. Gave importance to the education of Women and
Children equally
6. Teaching at every time
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Cont
7. Teaching at every appropriate place
8. Teaching to every one-Slaves, Women , Children
9. Teaching at specific occasion - At Lunar eclipse
10.Welcome the students
11.Calling with the names of the person
12.Praying for students

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Thank You
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