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Well Drilling
Lesson 4
Drilling Cost & Drilling Rate
Contents
The AFE
Drilling Cost and Bit Change
Factors Affecting Drilling Rate
Bit Weight, Rotary Speed
Bottom-hole Cleaning
Mud Properties, Solids Content
Hydrostatics
2
Assignments
Read:
HW #2.
COMPLETED
INTANGIBLE COSTS
TANGIBLE COSTS
TOTAL COST
$
4
DRY HOLE
COMPLETED
(24.5 DAYS)
(32.5 DAYS)
INTANGIBLE COSTS
LOCATION PREPARATION
DRILLING RIG AND TOOLS
DRILLING FLUIDS
RENTAL EQUIPMENT
CEMENTING
SUPPORT SERVICES
TRANSPORTATION
SUPERVISION AND ADMIN.
SUB-TOTAL
30,000
298,185
113,543
77,896
49,535
152,285
70,200
23,282
814,928
65,000
366,613
116,976
133,785
54,369
275,648
83,400
30,791
1,126,581
TANGIBLE COSTS
TUBULAR EQUIPMENT
WELL HEAD EQUIPMENT
COMPLETION EQUIPMENT
SUB-TOTAL
406,101
16,864
0
422,965
846,529
156,201
15,717
1,018,447
1,237,893
1,423,577
2,145,028
2,466,782
SUB-TOTAL
+ CONTINGENCY (15% ??)
DEPTH
ft
TD
DAYS or DOLLARS
6
$
ft
Eq. 1.16
D = footage drilled
Example 1.5
A recommended bit program is being prepared for
a new well using bit performance records from
nearby wells.
Drilling performance records for three bits are
shown for a thick limestone formation at 9,000 ft.
Determine which bit gives the lowest drilling cost if
the operating cost of the rig is $400/hr, the trip time
is 7 hours, and connection time is 1 minute per
connection.
10
Bit
Bit
Cost
($)
Rotating
Time
(hours)
A
B
C
800
4,900
4,500
14.8
57.7
95.8
Connection
Time
(hours)
0.1
0.4
0.5
Mean
Penetration
Rate
(ft/hr)
13.8
12.6
10.2
Solution:
The cost per foot drilled for each bit type
can be computed using Eq. 1.16. For Bit
A, the cost per foot is
Cb Cr( tb tc tt )
Cf
D
$
ft
Solution:
Similarly, for Bit B,
Cb Cr( tb tc tt )
Cf
D
$
ft
Solution, contd
Finally, for Bit C,
Cb Cr( tb tc tt )
Cf
D
$
ft
Solution, contd
Bit A:
Bit B:
Bit C:
$46.81 /ft
$42.56 /ft
$46.89 /ft
Drilling Costs
Tend to increase exponentially with
depth. Thus, when curve-fitting drilling
cost data, it is often convenient to
assume a relationship between total
well cost, C, and depth, D, given by
C = aebD
..(1.17)
16
C = aebD
Penetration Rate
When major variations are not present in
the subsurface lithology, the penetration
rate usually decreases exponentially with
depth. Under these conditions, the
penetration rate can be related to depth,
D, by
dD
2.303a 2 D
Ke
,........(1.18)
dt
WHY?
19
Drilling Time
The drilling time, td , required to drill to a
given depth can be obtained by separating
variables and integrating. Separating
variables gives
td
dt
2.303 a 2D
dD
21
R
fph
D
ft
Total Cost
$
Cf
$/ft
5
10
20
25
30
35
40
90
80
60
50
40
30
20
475
900
1,600
1,875
2,100
2,275
2,400
36,950
47,800
69,200
79,750
90,200
100,550
110,800
77.80
53.10
43.30
42.50
43.00
44.20
46.20
60
Minimum Cost
50
40
23
An increase in
TORQUE may
indicate that a bit
should be pulled.
Experience often
dictates when to
pull bit (footage or
hours).
27
Fixed Factors:
Rock hardness
Formation pore pressure
28
29
40,000 lbf
Consider 10 hole
(dont overdo!!)
31
Dont overdo!
Casing wear,
bit life ...
32
33
34
Depth, ft
35
Depth, ft
36
37
38
39
Hydrostatic Pressure
with 14 lb/gal mud:
Depth
p = GM *
Mud
Pressure
Required Mud Weight
0.052 * Depth
10,000
Required Mud Weight
0.052 * 12,000
MW = 16.03 lb/gal
41