Scope of study

This topic describes the steady and unsteady

performance characteristics of a small size
turbocharger.
The analysis is carried out by experimental means
using an innovative hot gas generator system
specifically designed for turbocharger testing which
is capable of delivering a wide range of flow rates
with adequate thermodynamic characteristics
motive downsized engine applications.

Scope of study
The improved experimental set up also allows
for higher precision transient analysis both on
the cold and hot side branch of the test article.
the steady-state performance maps of the
turbocharger are readily obtained with the
semi-automated testing procedure, the detailed
analysis of the unsteady phenomena related for
instance to the occurrence of mild and deep
compressor surge events.

Turbocharging systems principles

Consider now an ideal

turbocharged four-stroke engine.
Turbocharging raises the inlet
manifold pressure, hence the inlet
process (12-1) is at pressure P1,
where P1, is above ambient
pressure Pa. The blow-down
energy is represented by area 5-89. The exhaust manifold pressure
(P7) is also above the ambient
pressure Pa. The exhaust process
from the cylinder is represented
by line 5,13,11, where 5,13 is the
blow-down period when the
exhaust valve opens and high
pressure gas expands out into the
exhaust manifold.

Working

Turbocharger System in a Diesel Engine

Turbocharger cross section

Theory and Methodology

Analyze the compressor flow rate
Analyze the water-air radiator and analyze the
intercooler
Test
Repeat analysis with test data

Experimental apparatus

The experimental facility

Data acquisition and control unit (DCU),

Test section (TS),
Cold gas generator (CGG)
Hot gas generator (HGG).

The test section

Turbocharger is equipped with required power and
displacement range. Compressor delivers mass
flow to the turbine.
The turbo bearings are lubricated and cooled
through a dedicated system consisting of a by-pass
regulated gear pump operated in a closed circuit.
A heat exchanger and a electric heater for oil
temperature control are also introduced in the
circuit

The test section

The temperature measurements are carried out
with a few type K thermocouples .
The turbocharger rpm acquisition system.
Finally, all the dataflow is controlled and
managed through a LabVIEW Virtual
Instrument in-house developed code.
Two transducer is to measure flow rate.

Analysis of the results

Steady state results: compressor and
turbine characteristic maps
Steady state results: effect of the heat
transfer
Unsteady results: deep and mild surge

Analysis of the results

Steady state results: compressor and turbine
characteristic maps

Analysis of the results

Steady state results: effect of the heat
transfer

Analysis of the results

Unsteady results: deep and mild
surge
Two different unsteady
phenomenon are observed that is
related to mild surge and deep surge.
Respective frequency
phenomenon are analyzed.

Conclusions
A complete spanning of the test article
operating envelope has been obtained thanks to
the high flexibility of the HGG which is
capable to feed the turbine with an exhaust hot
gas flow rate characterized by a wide rang
It has been shown that the thermal power
transferred to the lubricating oil as well as to
the environment has a relevant impact on the
performance of the

Conclusions
It has been found that the algebraic sum of the
two thermal powers is 2030% of the
compressor total enthalpy change per unit of
time.
As there is enthalpy change, there is effect of
it on work transfer and efficiency.

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