Summation

Notation
and Its Properties
 At the end of the 60-minute
period, at least 85% of the
students should be able to:
 Define and expand summations
 Write a sum in summation form
 Evaluate simple summations by
definition
 Identify the different parts of a
summation
 CHALLENGE!!!
An online shopping site reduced the price of
one computer model by 25% for a sale. By
what percentage of the sales price must it
be increased to put the computer model
back at its original price?

Suppose the computer originally cost $100. With

the 25% deduction, it would cost $75. To bring
the price back to the original $100, you’d have to
add $25, which is 1/3 or $75 – or 33.3%
 MENTAL
COMPUTATION

1. 2x3÷6–1
2. 21 ÷ 7 – 1 x 4
3. 5 + 9 x 2 – 11
4. 8 – 10 ÷ 5 + 13
5. 7÷7–7x7
 Answers

1. 2 x 3 ÷ 6 – 1 1. 0
2. 21 ÷ 7 – 1 x 4 2. -1
3. 5 + 9 x 2 – 11 3. 12
4. 8 – 10 ÷ 5 + 13 4. 19
5. 7 ÷ 7 – 7 x 7
5. -48
 SUMMATION
NOTATION
A convenient and simple form of
shorthand used to give a concise
expression for a sum of the values of
a variable.

Also known as sigma notation

 Examples

1.

2.
3. What if in Example 1,
x1  5, x2  2, andx3  7then
4. What if in Example 2,
y1  3, y2  1, y3  1, y4  6, y5  9, y6  4
5. Write the following expansion in
summation form:

y6 + y7 + y8 + y9 + . . . + y15

15
  yi
i 6
 6.Write the following expansion
in summation form:

z 2 + z 3 + z 4 + z 5 + y2 + y 3 + y4 + y 5

There are two ways to write the sum above in

summation form. These are:

5 5 5

 z i   yi or  ( z i  yi )
i 2 i 2 i 2
7.Write the sum 1+2+3+…+100
in summation form:

100
 i
i 1
 Consider: v15 + v16 + v17 + . . . + v35

Using the examples as your guide,

1. How do you write the sum of

expressions in summation form?

2. What are the important things

that you have to consider in
writing a sum in summation form?
Parts of a summation notation
Stopping point or upper limit of summation

n
Summation sign
 vi Typical element

i =1
Index of Starting point or lower
summation limit of summation
 CHALLENGE!!!
   
 Q: Guess which sum is 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
  
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1       1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
greater. Then check by   8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
   
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  
doing
  the
8 7addition
6 5 4 with
3 2a 1       1 2 3   
4 5 6 7 8  
   
pencil or a calculator.
    7 6 5 4 3 2 1
    7 6 5 4 3 2 1
      1 2 3   
4 5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7    
6 7    
Don't forget to add the       6 5 4 3 2 1
   
1 2 3 4 5 6      
numbers
    according
  6 5 4 to 3 2 1       1 2 3   
4 5 6      
   
place value!
        5 4 3 2 1
        5 4 3 2 1
      1 2 3   
4 5
1 2 3 4 5        
       
   
          4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4          
A:   You
    may
   be4 surprised
3 2 1       1 2 3   
4          
when you find out that the    
            3 2 1 1 2 3            
            3 2 1       1 2 3    
          
sums are exactly the same!    
They
  both         2   1 
    equal       
    1   2 2   1   1 
  
2                  

1,083,676,269.
                  1        
    1         1
   
  1         
  
 MENTAL
COMPUTATION

1. 6 x 2 ÷ 4 -3 +1
2. 11 + 5 – 8 ÷ 2 x 4
3. 10 – 6 + 5 x 3 ÷ 3
4. 15 ÷ 5 x 6 +7 - 8
5. 28 ÷ 7 x 4 – 9 + 9
 Answers

1. 6 x 2 ÷ 4 -3 +1 1. 1
2. 11 + 5 – 8 ÷ 2 x 4 2. 0
3. 10 – 6 + 5 x 3 ÷ 3 3. 9
4. 15 ÷ 5 x 6 +7 - 8 4. 17
5. 28 ÷ 7 x 4 – 9 + 9 5. 16
 CHALLENGE!!!
 1. Walking
The previously arriving feathered,
Dictionary
A:winged
Q: biped
Delphinia is acaptures
walking the invertebrate
dictionary. She
1.crawler.
isn't The early unless
satisfied bird catches the worm.
she's showing off her
2. It's
huge Bettervastly
safepreferable
vocabulary. than sorry.
Here's how toDelphinia
remain says
3.unscathed
these Ask
four than
mewell-known
no to beproverbs.
questions,forced into
I'll tell youifnoyou
See
canrepentance.
lies. out how most of us would say
figure
3. If youthe
4. When
them: refrain
going from interrogating
gets tough, the me,
I'll articulate
tough to you no prevarications.
gets going.
4. When the terrain becomes arduous,
the resolute become vigorous.
 MENTAL
COMPUTATION

2.4.
3.
5.169
48
(–14
1.xx6÷9+6
x+92
(–2) (–1)
+9÷+8–(–9)
9)/
-
÷ (–25)
3(-2)[–(–7)
÷ (––(–10)
(–4) +9)–7]
3
 Answers

1. 6 + 9 ÷ 3(-2) 1. 0
2. 16 x (–2) + 8 ÷ (–4) – (–10) 2. -24
3. 48 ÷ 6 (–1) - (–25) + 3 3. 20
4. 9 x 9 + 9 – (–9) ÷ (– 9) 4. 89
5. (–14 x 2 + 9)/ [–(–7) –7] 5. undefined
x1 = 5 x2 = – 3 x3 = 7 x4 = –4 x5 = 8 x6 = −6

y1 = −3 y2 =9 y3 =−1 y4 = −10 y5 = 11 y6 = 2
 Answers
=7 =8

=14 =16

=21 =15
 Answers
=30 =25

=–2 =35

=35 =40

=24 =45
Using your answers in Part I as basis, answer the
following questions:

1. What can you say about your answers in numbers 1 to 5?

Are they related in some way? If yes, how are they
related?

2. Can you suggest an alternative solution for numbers 1 to 5?

3. For numbers 6 to 8, do you observe any association between

them and items 1 and 4? What is it?

4. Is there an easier and faster way of solving the summations

in numbers 9 and 10? If yes, how do you do it?

5. How about numbers 11 to 14, can you figure out the

simplest (and the fastest!) way of solving them? (Hint:
You need to consider the upper and lower limits.)
 Assignment
1.Write each of the following expressions in full:
Do pages 65-66 of the textbook.

Copy and answer on your

2.In x1=3, x2=4, x3notebook.
=5, y1= –3, y2=3, y3= –2
Show
3.evaluate the all solutions.
following:
 Assignment
3.Show that a=mna, a is constant.

4. Let x1=2, x2=8, x3=9, x4=10, and

x5=15,

5. Let x1=13, x2=8, x3=12, y1=3, y2=6,

y3=15,
compute the following:
 CHALLENGE!!!
Q: Palindrome is a word (or phrase or sentence) that
1. Midday
reads the same from left to right as it does from right to
left.2.
For Title
example,for a ladythat means "trick or joke"
a palindrome
is gag. For each of the definitions below, suggest a
3. Tier
palindrome.
4. Sound a chick makes
5. Part of the human body
6. Something that fails to work
7. An entertainer's short-term job
8. Sound a horn makes
Answers
1. noon
2. madam
3. level
4. peep
5. eye
6. dud
7. gig
8. toot
 MENTAL
COMPUTATION

2. 1.
5.
4. −2
3[−14
x52x÷÷6
3. ÷
(2 3
1+
x 8 ÷ 4100
[13 x +
5)
100
÷(−9)
− + x x7−÷226]
2 50
3
÷ 2] 3
 Answers

1. 5 x 8 ÷ 4 − 3 x 7 1.–11
2. −2 x 6 ÷ 3 + (−9) x 2 2.–22
3. 1100 ÷ 2 3.0.5
4. 3 x 2 ÷ [13 x 100 ÷ 50 − 26] 4.Undefine
5. [−14 ÷ (2 + 5) + 2] ÷ 3 5.0
 Examples
1. Evaluate
2.
3. = (n+1)(n/2)

== 125(126)/2
51(50/2)
77(78)/2
= =1275
=
3003
7875
 Examples
2.
1.
3. Evaluate = [(n/2)(n+1)]2

= =[20(21)/2]
[(25/2)
[(4/2) 2
(25+1)]
(4+1)]2 2
= =
[13(25)]
[2(5)]
44100
=
2 2

105625
(10)
=
2

100
 Examples
1. Evaluate
2. = n(n+1)
(2n+1)
5(6) 6
==13(14)
(11) (27)
== 66
819
55
 CHALLENGE!!!
Q: Mary is twice as old as
her brother and half as old as
A: father.
her Mary is now 22 years,
In 22 years old.
her
brother will be half as old as
his father. How old is Mary
now?
 MENTAL
COMPUTATION

5.
2.
3. 10/15
1.
4. -2/9
4 + --
5/7
1/5 3/4
+3+
251
 Answers

1. -16/7
2. 43/9
3. 19/4
4. -9/5
5. 5/3
Summation Equivalent/ Summation Equivalent/
Formula Formula
x1 = 4 x2 = −3 x3 = 8 x4 = −7 x5 = 16 x6 = −1
y1 = −3 y2 = 9 y3 = −11 y4 = −5 y5 = 7 y6 =
x1 = 4 x2 = −3 x3 = 8 x4 = −7 x5 = 16 x6 = −1
y1 = −3 y2 = 9 y3 = −11 y4 = −5 y5 = 7 y6 =
 Assignment
(1/2 sheet of paper)

1 3
. .
5
.
2 4
. .