SURDs

Bee Smart Education Center

Learning Objectives
1.Understand the difference between rational and irrational
numbers
2.Simplify surds
3.Simplify expression involving surds
4.Expand expression involving surds
5.Rationalize the denominator of fraction
Starter Activity 1
1, 2,3, 4,5,... 
0,1, 2,3, 4,5,... 
..., 2, 1,0,1, 2,...

a
Fraction  , b  0 
b
Rational+Irrational numbers W
Set of Number

1,2,3,4,5,….
1,2,3,4,5,….
1,2,3,4,5,….
Have you ever seen this number?

1
 2
2 2
Rational and Irrational Number

22
  3,121592653589....
7
2  1.414213...
RATIONAL AND IRRATIONAL NUMBERS

a
 Rational Numbers can be writeen as a fraction in the form b , where a and
b are integers and b0
 5, 0.4, 5%, 0.333333…, 0.545454…
 An irrational numbers cannot be written as a fraction.
 The decimal expansion of irrational numbers is infinite with no pattern.

π and 2
Example
1. Which of these numbers are rational and which are irrational?
Give reasons for your answers.
a. 2
b. 0.789

c. 0.67
d. 2 2
e. 2 2

2. a. Find an irrational number between 4 and 5

b. Find a rational number between
Exercise
 Which of the numbers are rational and which are irrational. Express
the rational numbers in the form where and are integers.


1. 0.47 6. Find a rational number between 5 and 7
2. 25 7. Find a rational number between 11 and 13
3. 2π 8. Find an irrational number between 2 and 3
4. 0.36 9. Find an irrational number between 7 and 8
5. 5 - 3 10. The circumference of a circle is 6cm. Find the -
area, giving your answer as an irrational number
 Starter Activity
2
1. 2 = 10. 112 =
2
2. 3 = 11. 122 =
2
3. 4 = 12. 132 =
2 13. 142 =
4. 5 =
14. 152 =
5. 62 =
15. 162 =
6. 7 2 =
16. 17 2 =
2
7. 8 =
17. 182 =
8. 92 = 18. 192 =
9. 102 = 19. 202 =
Have you ever seen this simbol

?
2 3
Learning Objectives

• Understand the difference between rational and irrational numbers

• Simplify Surds
• Simplify expression involving surds
• Expand expresion involving surds
• Rationalise the denominator of fraction
 SURDS
• What is a surd?
A surd is a number written exactly using roots. A surd cannot be reduced
to a whole number and are used to express irrational numbers in exact
form.
3
Examples: 3, 8, 4, 15
3

3 is a surd.
3
15 is a surd.
3
8, 4 looks like a surd, but isn't really...
 SURDS

2  1.4142135623730950488...
8  2.8284271247461900976...
What do you think you get when you multiply these two
numbers together?
 Dividing Surds
8
8 2  42
2
8 4 4 2
8 6   
6 3 3 3

General formulae
a a
a b 
b b
2-minute challenge:
How many can you do?
Simplify answers where possible.

√3 x √12 =
√3 x √4 =
√2 x √5 =
√5 x √5 =
√6 x √9 =
√5 x √20 =
√3 x √27 =
√2 x √3 x √6 =
 Multiplying Surds

2  8  2  8  16  4
8  6  8  6  48  16  3  4 3
3  15  3  15  45  9  5  3 5
General formulae
a  b  ab
2-minute challenge:
How many can you do?
Simplify answers where possible.

√12 ÷ √3 =
√44 ÷ √4 =
√100 ÷ √4 =
√25 ÷ √5 =
√81 ÷ √9 =
√75 ÷ √25 =
√28 ÷ √7 =
(√2 x √9) ÷ √3 =
Example

Simplify these, giving the exact answer.

1. 22 2

2. 3 3  3

 3 3
2

3.

4. 3 2  2 2

 2
3

5.
 Expanding the Surds

 a
2
1  a a

 a  b  b
2 2
2  a  2a b 
2

    a  b
2 2 2
3 a b 2 a b 
 Example

 5
4
a. = 5  5  5  5  5  5  25

       
3
b. 3 23
= 3 3 2  3 3 2  3 3 2

=  3    3    3   3 2  3 2  3 2

 2
3
= 9 3

=  9  2  18
=  18
 Example
 
2
c. 7  3
 
2
d. 7  3
  7  3  7  3   7  3  7  3
 77  7 3  37  3 3  77  7 3  37  3 3
 49  7 3  7 3  3  49  7 3  7 3  3
 52  14 3  52  14 3

atau menggunakan  a  b   a 2  2ab  b 2 atau menggunakan  a  b  2  a 2  2ab  b 2

2
Exercise
 3  8
2
a.

b.  2 5  3
2

c.  3 x  2 y 
2

d .  3a  2 b 
2

e.  a  b   a  ab  b 
Thanks !