Name: ____________ Unit 1: Real Numbers Date: __________

Definitions:

Are positive whole numbers, their

opposites and zero

Any number that cannot be expressed in the form a (where a and b are integers and b  0) is called an
b
irrational number ( Q ). The decimal form of an irrational number does not terminate and does not repeat.

 is an irrational number since  = 3.141 592 653 793 …..

If a number in the form x does not have an exact square root, then it is irrational.
2 is an irrational number

Real numbers consist of both rational and irrational numbers

Visual:

1. Identify the values of:

R:
O:
S:
E:

2. Use <, > or = to make the

statement true
4 ____ 3
100______50
1 ______ 2
2
 1 _____ 2
2
The symbol “| |” is used to represent absolute value.
The absolute value of 2 is 2. |2 | = 2
The absolute value of 2 is 2. |-2|= 2

Example:

Operations with integers:

Adding/Subtracting

Same Sign…..Add the numbers….carry the same sign

Eg.
+2 + 3 = +5 −2 − 3 = −5

Different Signs …..Subtract the numbers……carry the sign in front of the bigger number
Eg. −2 + 3 = +1 +2 − 3 = −1

Multiply/Divide
Same signs …….multiply or divide the numbers and bring down a positive sign
Eg.
(2)(3) = 6 (−2)(−3) = 6

Different signs …….multiply or divide the numbers and bring down a negative sign
Eg.
10
(2)(−3) = −6 (−2)(3) = −6 = −2
−5

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 Example: Simplify the following. Show your work.

a) 15  (10)  (3)  1 b) 22  (3) 2 (4)

c) 4  27  3  10 d)  3[(4)(3)  (7)(2)]

2 2  2(5)
e) f) 4  2[3  2(4)]
 24

g) 4   6 h) 532  7 i)  2(5  7) 2  6

Mixed Fractions: Change the mixed fraction into an improper fraction

4 2
a) 2 b) 3
5 7

Operations with rational numbers:

Adding/Subtracting: To add/subtract fractions follow these steps:

1. Change ALL mixed fractions to improper fractions

2. Find the LCM of the denominators.
3. Create equivalent fractions that have the same denominator.
4. Add/Subtract the numerator
5. Keep the common denominator
6. Write your answer in lowest terms

Example 1: Evaluate:
2 2 1 5 1 2
a) 1 5 b) 5  3 c) 2  3  4
3 7 4 8 3 5

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 Multiply: To multiply fractions follow these steps:

1. Change ALL mixed fractions to improper fractions

2. Multiply the numerators to give you the new numerator
3. Multiply the denominators to give you the new denominators
4. Write your answer in lowest terms
Note: LCM not needed

Example 2: Evaluate the following

3 5 1 2  10 3
a)  b) 1  2 c) 
8 7 3 4 9 5

Divide: To divide fractions follow these steps:

1. Change ALL mixed fractions to improper fractions

2. Change the fraction AFTER the division sign, to its reciprocal
⅓ reciprocal = 2 reciprocal = .
5

4 reciprocal = 7 reciprocal =
3

3. Multiply the numerators to give you the new numerator

4. Multiply the denominators to give you the new denominators
5. Write your answer in lowest terms
Note: LCM not needed

Example 3: Evaluate the following

3 5 1 2 1 1 14
a)  b) 1  2 c) 2 3 
8 7 3 4 5 2 5

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Exponents

2 2
4 3

Example 4: Evaluate   Evaluate  

 5   5 

Base: Exponent: Base: Exponent:

Expanded form: Expanded form:

Evaluate: Evaluate:

Note: If a negative number is raised to an odd exponent/number the answer is ____________

If a negative number is raised to an even exponent/number the answer is __________

2 2 2
Note:  
5 5 5

1
Important Note: 2 is a mixed fraction equivalent to ____________
4
where as

1
2  is a multiplication of two fractions: ___________
4

1 3 1
Example 5: Evaluate −2 × (1 4 − 5 2)
4

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 2r 2  q 1 2
Example 6: Evaluate if r  and q 
2q 2 3

Example 7: Evaluate
2
 3 3
2 2  1  1 
 2  4 
3
 1  4 5
a)  3 1 5   2  1 2  b)
    
3
 1
 
 10 

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Word Problems:

A  P(1  i) n

where: A= future value of the investment

P= amount of money invested
i= decimal value of the interest rate used each time the interest is earned
n= the number of times interest is earned while money is invested

Example 8: Steven invested $2000 in an account earning an interest of 2.75% per year. How much will
his investment be worth in 3 years?

Example 9: Jenny invested $1000 in an account that earns 3% interest every 6 months. What is
her investment worth after 10 years?

Example 10: Kevin buys a car worth $ 12 000. The value of the car depreciates by 30 % each
year. What will be the value of his car after 4 years?

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