DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL BANGALORE NORTH

CHAPTER – 2
FRACTIONS AND DECIMALS ( NOTES)
CLASS:VII
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
• Following notes to be written in the note book as per the teaching in the
class day wise.
• Home work sums to be done in home work notebook according to the
instructions given in the class.

Fractions
Fractions are parts of a whole.
Eg:

Types of fractions
Proper fraction;

Improper fraction;

Mixed fraction:
Mixed fraction is a combination of whole and a proper fraction.
Equivalent fractions
Fractions representing the same values are equivalent fractions.
Equivalent fractions can be found by multiplying or dividing the numerator and
denominator of a fraction by the same non zero number.
Eg:

8 32
Fill in the blanks: (i) = =
7 56
21 3
(ii) =
49

Like and Unlike fractions

Fractions having the same denominators are called like fractions
2 13 8
eg. , , etc
15 15 15

Fractions having the different denominators are called unlike fractions.

7 22 2
eg. , , etc
15 9 17

Addition and subtraction of fractions

To add or subtract unlike fractions convert them to equivalent like fractions, add or
subtract the numerator, the denominator remaining the same.
2 2
Eg:(i) +
15 5
 LCM of 5 and 15 = 15
2 2𝑥3 2+6 8
= + = =
15 5𝑥3 15 15
7 2
(ii) −1
2 3
7 5
= −
2 3

LCM of 2 and 3 =6
7𝑥3 5𝑥2 21−10 11 5
= − = = =1
2𝑥3 3𝑥2 6 6 6

HOME WORK:
Ex 2.1. Q No 1. (ii),(iv), (vi). 2.(i) ,3,4,6,8.

Multiplication of fractions
Multiplication of a fraction by a whole number
To multiply a whole number with a proper or an improper fraction, multiply the
whole number with the numerator of the fraction and keep the denominator same.
2 2𝑥3 6 9 9𝑥6 54 5
Eg: (𝑖) 𝑥 3 = = (ii) 𝑥6 = = =7
7 7 7 7 7 7 7

• To multiply a mixed fraction to a whole number, first convert the mixed

fraction to an improper fraction and then multiply.
1 13 13𝑥6 78 39 1
Eg: 3 𝑥 6 = 𝑥6 = = = = 19
4 4 4 4 2 2

Fraction as an operator ‘of’

‘of’ represents multiplication.
1 3 1 11 11 3
eg: 𝑜𝑓 2 = 𝑥 = =1
2 4 2 4 8 8

HOME WORK:

Ex 2.2.
Q.No 3. (ii),(iii),(iv)(viii),(ix)
Q.No 5. (a),(c) 6. (a),(c),(d),(f) 7.(a),Q.No 8
Multiplication of fraction by a fraction.

𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠
Product of two fractions =
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠
1 3 1𝑥 3 3
Eg : (i) of = =
4 5 4𝑥5 20
1 4 1 𝑥4 1
(ii) of = =
4 3 4𝑥3 3

NOTE:
• We cannot cancel numerator with numerator and denominator with
denominator
• The product of two proper fractions is always smaller than each of the two
fractions.
• The product of two improper fractions is always more than each of the two
fractions.

HOME WORK: Ex: 2.3. 1(ii), 2.(i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(v)

3.(i), (ii), (iii),(iv). 4.(i), 6, 8.(b)
Division of Fractions.
Reciprocal of a fraction
The non-zero numbers whose product with each other is 1, are called the
reciprocals of each other.
1
Ex; If we multiply 3 by we get 1.
3

1
𝑖𝑒, 3 × = 1
3

therefore
1 1
is the reciprocal of 3 and 3 is the reciprocal of
3 3

Division of whole number by a fraction

To divide a whole number by a fraction, multiply that whole number by the
reciprocal of that fraction.
3 3
Ex; 2 ÷ = 2 × 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑓
4 4

4 2×4 8 2
=2× = = =2
3 1×3 3 3

Note: While dividing a whole number by a mixed fraction, first convert the
mixed fraction in to improper fraction and then solve it.

Division involving a fraction follows certain rules. To perform any division

involving fraction just multiply the first number with the reciprocal of the
second number.

Steps are as follows:

 Step1: First change the division sign (÷) to multiplication sign (×).

Step 2: If we change the sign of division to multiplication, at the same time

we have to write the reciprocal of the second term or fraction.

Step 3: Now multiply the numbers and simplify the result.

These rules are common for

1. Division of whole number by a fraction

2. Division of fraction by a whole number and

3. Division of fraction by another fraction.

2 2 1 2×1 2
Ex: a) ÷ 7 = × = =
3 3 7 3×7 21

1 3 5 3 5 5 25 1
b) 2 ÷ = ÷ = × = =4
2 5 2 5 2 3 6 6

Home work
Ex: 2.4
1. (ii), (iv) (vi) 3. (i), (ii) 4. (i), (ii) and (vi)

DECIMAL NUMBERS
Place value Chart

Number: 253.147
Read as: Two hundred fifty-three point one four seven.

Expanded form:

1 1 1
2 × 100 + 5 × 10 + 3 × 1 + 1 × ( )+4×( )+7×( )
10 100 1000
= 200 + 50 + 3 + 0.1 + 0.04 + 0.007

CONVERSION OF UNITS

100 paise =1Rupee

1
1Paise = ( )Rupee
100

Mass

1kg =1000gm

1gm =1000mg

Length

10mm = 1cm

100cm = 1 meter

1000m = 1 km

Capacity

1kl= 1000l
1 l= 1000 ml

Eg:
(1) 250 gm=0.25 kg
(2)85 cm=0.85 m
(3) 5Rs= 500 paise
Adding and Subtracting Decimals
When adding and subtracting decimal numbers, you need to make sure the decimal
points are lined up above each other in the calculation. It also helps if you make
both numbers have the same number of decimal places by adding in "0"s at the end
of one of the numbers.

Home Work:
Exercise: 2.5
2. (iv), (v) (4) (i),(ii) (5) (i), (ii) and Q.No (8)
Multiplication of decimal numbers
While multiplying two decimal numbers,
→ first multiply them as whole numbers.
→ Count the number of digits to the right of the decimal point in
both the decimal numbers.
→Add the number of digits counted.
→Put the decimal point in the product by counting the digits from its right
most place.

Ex: 2.7 x 4 = 10.8

2.7 x 1.2 = 3.24
1.8 x 1.2 = 2.16

HW: EX: 2.6

1.(iii), (iv), (v)

Multiplication of Decimal numbers by 10,100 and 1000

When a decimal number is multiplied by 10,100 or 1000, the digits in the
product are same as in the decimal number but the decimal point in the
product is shifted to the right by as many of places as there are zeros over
one.
Ex: 0.3 x 10 = 3.0
1.2 x 100 = 120.0
56.3 x 1000 = 56300.0

HW: EX:2.6
5. (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
 Division of Decimal numbers

Division of a decimal number by a whole number

To divide a decimal number by a whole number we first divide them
as whole numbers. Then place the decimal point in the quotient as in
the decimal number.
Example: 2.4 ÷ 2 = 1.2
35.7 ÷ 3 = 11.9
HW: Exercise 2.7
1. (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

Division of decimal numbers by 10,100,1000

To divide a decimal number by 10, 100, 1000, shift the point in the
decimal number to the left by as many places as there are zeros over
1, to get the quotient.
Example : 23.9 ÷ 10 = 2.39
7643.15 ÷ 100 = 76.4315
5.7 ÷ 1000 = 0.0057

Division of a decimal number by another decimal number

While dividing two decimal numbers, first shift the decimal point to
the right by equal number of places in both, to convert the divisor to a
whole number and then divide.
Example : 7.75 ÷ 0.25 = 775 ÷ 25 = 31
42.8 ÷ 0.02 = 4280 ÷ 2 = 2140

Try these page 54 is HW

HW : EX:2.7 5.(iv) , (v) , (vi)

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