Text as

Connected
Discourse

What is a text?
A text can be defined
as an actual use of
language, as distinct
from a sentence, which
is an abstract unit of
linguistic analysis.
(Widdowson, 2007)

What is discourse?
Discourse is a form of
collaborative
social
action
in
which
language users jointly
collaborate
in
the
production of meanings
and inferences.
(Jaworski and Coupland, 1999)

Discourse as Language in
Use

The way language is

used between speakers
or between readers and
writers
to
create
meaningful exchanges.

Discourse
Any connected piece of
speech or writing

Text
A continuous piece of spoken or
witten language, especially one with
a recognizable beginning and ending.
Trask, R. (1999). Key Concepts in Language and Linguistics. Routledge.

Text and Discourse

Discourse
is
the
pragmatic process of
meaning
negotiation. Text is
the product.
Widdowson, H. 2004. Text, Context, Pretext, Critical Issues in Discourse Analysis.
Blackwell.

Text and Discourse

Personal Experience: No
matter how explicitly we think
we have textualized what
we want to say, there is
always the possibility that it
will be interpreted otherwise.