PRESSURE VOLUME LOOP OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE

FOR A SINGLE CARDIAC CYCLE

Points
C

Phase
ISOVOLUMETRIC
CONTRACTION

Events

RAPID EJECTION

REDUCED EJECTION

Pressure
AV closes; SL
remains close
No change in
volume (120mL)
Cont. pressure
SL opens; AV
remains closed
Volume by 50
(70mL)
SL remains open;
AV remains closed
Pressure
Additional 20mL of
blood ejected
(50mL)

PRESSURE VOLUME LOOP OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE

FOR A SINGLE CARDIAC CYCLE
Points

Phase

Events

ISOVOLUMETRIC
RELAXATION

SL closes; AV closed
Pressure
No change in volume

RAPID FILLING PHASE

AV opens; SL closed
Volume by 50mL
(100mL)
1st half: Pressure
2nd half: Pressure

REDUCED FILLING

Just
before
C

ATRIAL SYSTOLE

AV remains open; SL
remains closed
Volume by 20mL of
blood (120mL)
Pressure
AV remains open; SL
remains closed
Pressure
Negligible amount
flow of blood

PRESSURE VOLUME LOOP OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE

FOR A SINGLE CARDIAC CYCLE
END SYSTOLIC VOLUME (ESV)
Volume of blood remaining in
the ventricle after ejection
NORMAL: 50 mL
END DIASTOLIC VOLUME
(EDV)
Filled volume of the ventricle
prior to contraction
NORMAL: 120 mL

PATIENTS CARDIAC PRESSURE VOLUME CURVE

Patients 2D Echo of the
Heart showed:
END SYSTOLIC VOLUME:
90 mL
ESTIMATED END
DIASTOLIC VOLUME: 120
mL

LAW OF LAPLACE

Guys
pa
check
nito :
(

Patients 2D Echo showed:

Left ventricular wall stress is the force acting

against the myocardial cells.
This is directly proportional to the left ventricular
pressure and radius. Wall stress is indirectly
proportional to two times the wall thickness.

Left anterior wall hypokinesia

Narrowing of vessels supplying
the left anterior wall
Left ventricle weakness
Left ventricle cannot pump
effectively Left ventricle will
pump harder in order to eject
blood and supply the body
Left ventricular pressure and
left ventricular wall stress
increases
Left ventricle has to
compensate by increasing its
wall thickness to decrease wall
stress
The thicker the wall, the less
tension experienced by each
sarcomere unit