Identifying and Controlling Hazards
e !
co m
el
W
1005
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
1
Workshop goals
Explore the elements of an effective hazard
identification and control program.
Discuss the steps in the hazard identification and
control process.
Complete the hazard identification and control
worksheet.
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
2
Form Teams
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
3
IDENTIFYING HAZARDS
What do the rules say?
ORS 654.010 Employers to furnish safe place of
employment.
Every employer shall
furnish employment and a place of employment which
are safe and healthful for employees therein, and
shall do every other thing reasonably necessary to
protect the life, safety and health of such employees.
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
4
OAR 437, Div 001, Rule 0760 (7) Inspections.
(a) All places of employment shall be inspected by a
qualified person or persons as often as the type of
operation or the character of the equipment requires.
Defective equipment or unsafe conditions found by
these inspections shall be replaced or repaired or
remedied promptly.
(b) Wherever required in this safety code, a written and
dated report, signed by the person or persons making
the inspection, shall be kept.
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
5
What does qualified mean?
What criteria should we use to determine
frequency of inspections?
What does remedied promptly mean?
What does your inspection report look like?
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
6
What do the rules for safety committees say?
The safety committee is required to:
Evaluate
____________ the accident and illness prevention
program
Establish procedures for inspections
____________
Inspect
____________ the workplace for safety and health
hazards
Recommend how to eliminate hazards and unsafe
____________
behaviors
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
7
What is a "hazard?"
condition
An unsafe _________________ practice
or _________________
injury or _______________
that could cause an ___________ illness
to an employee.
How can a person be a
walking hazardous
condition?
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
8
What is Exposure?
How close are you to the "danger zone"?
Physical exposure - generally arms length
Environmental exposure - could be everyone in facility.
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
9
How does your perception about the severity of a
hazard change with daily exposure to that hazard?
Which one of
those incidents will 1
end up as a
Major
serious injury? Injury
29
Minor
Injuries
300
Near Miss
Incidents
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
10
What you see are merely the
symptoms: The direct observable
effects of a underlying cause
Are unique conditions or individual behaviors (you
can point at a person or object)
May exist or be performed by anyone, anytime,
anywhere
May directly cause or contribute to an incident or
accident
May be important clues revealing root causes
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
11
Where do injuries come from?
2
Unpreventable acts. Only ________ % of all workplace
accidents are thought to be unpreventable.
Hazardous conditions. Hazardous conditions (OR-OSHA
3
violations) account for only _________ % of all workplace
accidents.
What procedures do we use to detect and correct
hazardous conditions?
System failure. Safety management system failures account
95 % of all workplace accidents.
for at least _________
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
12
Types of Hazards in the
Workplace
1. Falls 8. Explosives
2. Impact 9. Pressure
3. Mechanical 10. Electrical contact
4. Vibration/Noise 11. Ergonomics
5. Toxics 12. Biohazards
6. Heat/Temperature 13. Violence
7. Flammability/Fire
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
13
Inspect to identify potential
accidents
Struck-by Caught-between
Struck-against Fall-To-surface
Contact-by Fall-To-below
Contact-with Over-exertion
Caught-on Bodily reaction
Caught-in Over-exposure
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
14
Four Important Processes to
Identify and Analyze Hazards
1 Inspections and Audits
The inspection examines conditions in the workplace
to identify hazards.
The audit evaluates the quality of program design
and performance to better control hazards.
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
15
How to develop an effective safety and health
checklist.
Determine applicable state safety & health rules for
the workplace.
Review rules and use those you feel apply to your
workplace.
Develop applicable checklist questions that are not
addressed in the rules.
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
16
Who's involved in the inspection process?
What is a major weakness inherent in the
inspection process?
How can we overcome this weakness?
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
17
2 Observation
Observations, informal and formal, are quite important
in daily workplace safety.
Employees and managers can spot hazardous
conditions and unsafe or inappropriate behaviors
while they conduct their other tasks.
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
18
2 Observation
What is the proper response when an
employee observes a hazardous condition
or unsafe behavior?
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
19
2 Observation
What is the proper response when a safety
committee member observes a hazardous
condition or unsafe behavior?
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
20
2 Observation
Formal observation programs can be
successful tools for gathering and
analyzing data so that safety can be
improved.
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
21
2 Observation
What group is well-suited to conduct
formal observation?
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
22
2 Observation
What happens when the perception that
discipline might occur as a result of formal
observations?
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
23
3 The Job Hazard Analysis
The process...
Break a job or task into specific steps.
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
24
3 The Job Hazard Analysis
The process...
Break a job or task into specific steps.
Analyze each step for specific hazardous conditions
and unsafe practices.
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
25
3 The Job Hazard Analysis
The process...
Break a job or task into specific steps.
Analyze each step for specific hazardous conditions
and unsafe practices.
Develop preventive measures in each step to
eliminate or reduce the hazards.
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
26
3 The Job Hazard Analysis
The process...
Break a job or task into specific steps.
Analyze each step for specific hazardous conditions
and unsafe practices.
Develop preventive measures in each step to
eliminate or reduce the hazards.
Integrate preventive measures into training and
standard operating procedures (SOPs).
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
27
Why is it important to involve the employee
in the JHA process?
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
28
4 Incident/Accident Analysis
All non-injury incidents and injury accidents, no matter
how minor should be analyzed to identify and control
hazards.
Incident analysis allows you to identify and control
hazards before they cause an injury.
Accident analysis is an effective tool for uncovering
hazards that either were missed earlier or have
managed to slip out of the controls planned for them.
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
29
The two primary phases in the incident/accident
analysis process
Event analysis. Analyze the event (near-miss, accident)
to determine what happened.
Cause analysis
Surface Cause Analysis
Root Cause
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
30
What's the hazard?
What kind of accident
might occur?
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
31
What's the hazard?
What kind of accident
might occur?
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
32
What's the hazard?
What kind of accident
might occur?
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
33
CONTROLLING HAZARDS
Hazard + Exposure Accident
1. Controlling hazards by engineering the workplace -
design tools, equipment, machinery, materials,
facilities.
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
34
Hazard + Exposure Accident
2. Controlling exposures by managing work and
workers.
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
35
Why are engineering controls considered to be
superior to management controls?
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
36
Personal Protective Equipment
What might be some of the drawbacks of reliance
solely on PPE to protect workers?
Interim measures
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
37
Effective Maintenance Processes
Two equipment maintenance programs
1. Preventive Maintenance to make sure equipment
and machinery runs safely and smoothly.
2. Corrective Maintenance to make sure equipment
gets back into safe service quickly.
How can we make sure corrective maintenance is
completed quickly?
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
38
Hazard Tracking Procedures
XYZ Hazard Tracking Log
Hazard Description Reported Date Correct Responsible Date
Number by Reported by Supervisor Corrected
0301 Lathe #3, needs guard Smith 9/9/03 9/15/03 Jones 9/14/03
0302 Dock needs warning stripes Wilson 9/12/03 9/30/03 Jordan
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
39
THE ANALYSIS WORKSHEET
Team Exercise:
View photos and use the worksheet below to determine hazards,
system weaknesses, accident types and costs, probability/severity,
corrective actions and system improvement.
Hazard Analysis Worksheet
Describe the Hazard:
Possible Accident Type(s):
Accident Cost Estimates:
Risk:
Recommended Corrective Action(s):
Recommended System Improvement(s):
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
40
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
41
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
42
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
43
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
44
Review Quiz
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
45
