Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TECHNOLOGY
TRI-CO. YOUNG FARMERS
DECEMBER 4, 2001
Original Power Point created By Joey Wells
Modified by Georgia Agricultural Education
Curriculum Office
June 2002
INTRODUCTION
THE DIESEL ENGINE IS USED AS A
SOURCE OF POWER FOR
THOUSANDS OF APPLICATIONS.
WHO INVENTED THE
DIESEL ENGINE?
NO SPARK IS NEEDED
LIQUID FUEL UNDER VERY HIGH
PRESSURE IS INJECTED DIRECTLY INTO
THE CYLINDER WHICH IS FILLED WITH
HIGHLY COMPRESSED AIR.
IGNITION BEGINS WHEN THE FUEL HITS
THE AIR THAT IS AT A TEMPERATURE OF
777 DEGREES F.
WHAT DOES A
COMPRESSION RATIO OF
16:1 MEAN?
FALSE
ONLY AIR IN A DIESEL ENGINE
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF A
TURBOCHARGER ON A
DIESEL ENGINE?
TO INCREASE THE AIR INTAKE
INTO THE CYLINDERS
TRUE OR FALSE: DIESEL
ENGINES REQUIRE A HIGH
PRESSURE PUMP TO INJECT
THE FUEL INTO THE
COMPRESSED AIR IN THE
CYLINDER?
TRUE
WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE
ENGINE PART THAT SPRAYS
FUEL INTO THE CYLINDER
OF A DIESEL ENGINE?
INJECTOR NOZZEL
WHAT TYPE MATERIAL ARE
FUEL LINES MADE OF IN A
DIESEL ENGINE? WHY?
STEEL
PRESSURES FROM 5,000 TO
20,000 PSI ARE INVOLVED
TRUE OR FALSE: GASOLINE
IS LESS VOLATILE THAN
DIESEL FUELS
FALSE
GASOLINE EVAPORATES
READILY AND IS VERY
EXPLOSIVE
TRUE OR FALSE: GASOLINE
ENGINES ARE HEAVIER
THAN DIESEL ENGINES OF
THE SAME HORSEPOWER?
FALSE
HIGH DIESEL CYLINDER
PRESSURES REQUIRE HEAVIER
MATERIALS
HOW IS ENGINE SPEED
CONTROLLED IN A DIESEL
ENGINE?
THE THROTTLE CONTROL REGULATES
ONLY THE AMOUNT OF FUEL INJECTED
INTO THE CYLINDER
THE THROTTLE CONTROL IN A GASOLINE
ENGINE REGULATES THE AMOUNT OF
AIR/FUEL MIXTURE ALLOWED INTO THE
CYLINDER
HOW ARE DIESEL ENGINES
STOPPED?
TWO
WHAT ARE THE MAJOR
DIFFERENCES IN EACH
STROKE WHEN COMPARING
A DIESEL ENGINE WITH A
GASOLINE ENGINE?
INTAKE
AIR VS. AIR/FUEL MIXTURE
DIFFERENCES CONTINUED
COMPRESSION STROKE
COMPRESSION RATIO
POWER STROKE
SPARK PLUG VS. HEAT OF
COMPRESSION
EXHAUST STROKE
SAME FOR BOTH
TWO-STROKE CYCLE
ENGINES
HOW MANY STROKES OF
THE PISTON ARE REQUIRED
FOR A CYCLE TO BE
COMPLETED IN A TWO
STROKE CYCLE ENGINE?
TWO
WHAT HAPPENS DURING
STROKE 1 IN A TWO
STROKE CYCLE GASOLINE
ENGINE?
A CENTRIFUGAL BLOWER
THAT IS DRIVEN BY EXHAUST
GASES WHICH FORCES MORE
AIR INTO THE CYLINDER.
INCREASES POWER
HOW IMPORTANT IS
KEEPING AIR FILTERS
CLEAN?
VERY IMPORTANT
A DIESEL ENGINE USES 12-
15,000 GALLONS OF AIR TO
EACH GALLON OF FUEL
NAME THREE TYPES OF AIR
CLEANERS
PRE-CLEANER
INJECTION NOZZLES
INJECTION PUMP
FILTERS
TRANSFER PUMP
FUEL TANK
THE DIESEL FUEL SYSTEM
DIESEL FUEL, LIKE
GASOLINE IS A PRODUCT OF
THE DISTILLATION OF-
CRUDE OIL
100 GALLONS OF CRUDE
OIL WILL YIELD WHAT
PRODUCTS?
GASOLINE = 44 GALLONS
DIESEL FUEL = 36 GALLONS
MISC. = 9 GALLONS
KEROSENE = 6 GALLONS
LUBRICANTS = 3 GALLONS
LOSS = 3 GALLONS
WHAT ARE THE THREE
GRADES OF DIESEL FUEL?
LIQUID COOLING
AIR-COOLING
LIQUID COOLING ENGINE
AIR-COOLED DIESEL
ENGINE
WHAT IS THE IDEAL
OPERATING TEMPERATURE
FOR MOST DIESEL
ENGINES?
TRUE
WHAT ARE LUBRICANTS
DERIVED FROM ANIMAL OR
VEGETABLE OILS CALLED?
SYNTHETIC OILS
WHAT TWO
CHARACTERISTICS ARE
MOST IMPORTANT IN
CHOOSING PROPER OIL?
VISCOSITY
SERVICE CLASSIFICATION
WHAT IS VISCOSITY?
A MEASURE OF A LIQUIDS
RESISTANCE TO FLOW
HIGHER TEMPERATURE DECREASE
IN VISCOSITY
SOCIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE
ENGINEERS (SAE) DEVELOPED
NUMBERING SYSTEM
WHAT ARE THE VISCOSITY
GRADES?
API ENGINE OIL SERVICE
CATEGORIES
AMERICAN PETROLEUM
INSTITUTE
TABLE 1: (HANDOUT)
WHAT ARE THE THREE
MOST COMMON OIL
ADDITIVES?
OXIDATION INHIBITORS
DETERGENT DISPERSANTS
HOW DO DETERGENT
ADDITIVES WORK?
PRINCIPLES OF FLUID
HYDRAULICS
HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS ON A
TRACTOR
WHAT IS PASCALS LAW OF
HYDRAULICS?
PRESSURE ON A LIQUID IN A
CONTAINER IS TRANSFERRED
EQUALLY TO ALL SURFACES
PASCALS LAW
PRESSURE TRANSFER IN
HYDRAULIC BRAKES
CHANGING THE PRESSURE
IN A HYDRAULIC SYSTEM