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Kinetics of Particles
MEC 271
Basic Mechanics II: Dynamics
Instructor: Md. Rumman Ul Ahsan
Newtons Second Law of Motion
If the resultant force acting on a particle is not
zero, the particle will have an acceleration
proportional to the magnitude of resultant and
in the direction of the resultant.
r r
F ma
If particle is subjected to several forces:
r r
F ma
We must use a Newtonian frame of reference, i.e., one that is
not accelerating or rotating.
If no force acts on particle, particle will not accelerate, i.e., it will
remain stationary or continue on a straight line at constant
velocity.
2
Linear Momentum of a Particle
r r
r dv
F ma m dt
r d r
d
mv
dt dt
L
r r
L mv Linear momentum
r r&
Sum of forces = rate of change of linear momentum F L
r
If F 0 linear momentum is constant
3
Equations of Motion
Newtons second law F ma
F t mat F n man
dv v2
F t m dt F n m
4
Dynamic Equilibrium
Alternate expression of Newtons law:
r r
r F ma 0
ma inertia vector
If we include inertia vector, the system of
forces acting on particle is equivalent to
zero. The particle is said to be in
dynamic equilibrium.
5
Sample Problem 12.2
SOLUTION:
Draw a free body diagram
Apply Newtons law. Resolve
into rectangular components
6
Sample Problem 12.2
Psin30
Fx ma :
Pcos30 P cos30 0.25 N 80 2.5
200
W mg 80 9.81 785 N Fy 0 :
F k N 0.25 N N P sin 30 785 0
Solve for P and N
N P sin 30 785
P cos30 0.25 P sin 30 785 200
P 534.7 N
N 1052.4 N 7
Sample Problem 12.3
F y mB aB mB g T2 mB aB
300 9.81 T2 300 aB
T2 2940- 300 aB
F y mC aC T2 2T1 0
2940- 300 aB 2T1 0 2940- 300 aB 200a A 0
2940- 300 aB 2 200aB 0
aB 4.2 m / s 2 a A 8.4 m / s
2
T1 840 N T2 1680 N
9
Sample Problem 12.4
Block
Wedge
WBsinq
aBn
aBt WB WBcosq
WB sin mB aBt aA
12 30
12 0.5 aBt aBt 16.1 ft / s 2 N1 sin mAa A 0.5 N1 aA
32.2 32.2
N1 WB cos mB aBn N1 cos WA N 2
But aBn a A sin Same normal acceleration (to maintain contact)
12 0.5
N1 WB cos mB a A sin N1 10.39 aA
32.2
a A 5.08 ft / s 2 aBn 2.54 ft / s 2
11
N1sinq
N1
N1 N1cosq
WBsinq
aBn
aBt WB WBcosq
aA
aBx aBt cos aBn sin 12.67 ft / s 2 r r r
aB / A aB a A
aBy aBt sin aBn cos 10.25 ft / s 2
r r r r
aB / A 12.67i 10.25 j 5.08i 30
r r
17.75i 10.25 j 20.5
12
Sample Problem 12.5
13
Sample Problem 12.5
Resolve into tangential and normal components:
Ft mat : mg sin 30 mat
at g sin 30
at 4.9 m s 2
14
Sample Problem 12.6
SOLUTION:
The car travels in a horizontal circular
path with a normal component of
acceleration directed toward the center
of the path.The forces acting on the car
are its weight and a normal reaction
from the road surface.
15
Sample Problem 12.6
Resolve the equation of motion for
the car into vertical and normal
components.
Fy 0 : R cos W 0
W
R
cos
W
Fn man : R sin an
SOLUTION: g
The car travels in a horizontal circular W W v2
sin
path with a normal component of cos g
acceleration directed toward the center Solve for the vehicle speed.
of the path.The forces acting on the
car are its weight and a normal v 2 g tan
reaction from the road surface.
32.2 ft s 2 400 ft tan 18
v 64.7 ft s 44.1 mi h
16
Angular Momentum
r r
From before, linear momentum: L mv
Now angular momentum is defined as the moment of momentum
r r r
H O r mv
r
H O is a vector perpendicular to the plane
r r
containing r and mv
Resolving into radial & transverse components:
H O mv r mr 2&
Derivative of angular momentum with respect to time:
r& r r r r r r r r
H O r& mv r mv& v mv r ma
r r
rF Moment of F about O
r
MO
Sum of moments about O = rate of change of angular momentum
17
Equations of Motion in Radial & Transverse Components
Fr mar
m r r 2
F ma m r 2r
18
Central Force
O = center of force
20
Sample Problem 12.7
r& r&2
&
dvr dvr dr dvr
r v r vr
dt dr dt dr
But vr r&
dvr
r&2 vr r&2 dr vr dvr
Write radial and transverse dr
vr r
equations of motion:
&2 dr
Fr m ar
r& r&2
0m & r r o
0
v dv r
ro 0
vr2 &
2
r 2
r0
2
F m a F m r&
& 2r&
& vr 0 r r0
& 2 2 12
F 2m 0 r r0
&2 2 2 12
21