Timers and Counters

Types of timers instruction

Types of counters instruction
Introduction
 Timer/counter are most commonly used used
device.
 Most common tasks include time interval for
welding, painting and heat treatment
 PLC timer/counter function is more versatile
than the mechanical and digital electronic
timers.
 PLC timer/counter provides accuracy and
repeatability
Instruction Parameters
 Accumulated Value(ACC)
For Timer, This is the number of time base intervals
the instruction has counted.
For Counter, This is the number of false-to-true
transitions that have occurred.
 Preset Value
The preset value is the set point that you enter in the
timer or counter instruction.
When accumulated value becomes equal to or
greater than the preset value, the done bit is set, the
bit can be used to control output device.
  The preset and accumulated values for timers range
from 0 to +32,767
 Preset and accumulated values for counters range
from –32,768 to +32,767
Time base
 The time base determines the duration of each time
base interval. In many Plcs it is selectable
 0.01s, 0.1s,1.0s
Timer data file elements
Word 0 EN TT DN Internal use
Word 1 Preset Value

Word 2 Accumulated Value

Assigning Addresses
Format: Tf:e.s/b

T Timer
f File number. Number 4 is the default file.
File no. 10-255 can be used for additional
storage
: Element delimiter
e Element number Range 0-255
. Word Element

s Sub element

/ Subelement
b Bit
Examples:
T4:0/15 or T4:0/EN Enable Bit
T4:0/14 or T4:0/TT Timer Timing bit
T4:0/13 or T4:0/DN Done bit
T4:0.1 or T4:0.PRE preset value of the timer
T4:0.2 or T4:0.ACC accumulated value of the
timer
T4:0.1/0 bit 0 of the preset value
T4:0.2/0 bit 0 of the preset value
Timer on-Delay (TON)
 Used to turn on or off an output after the timer is on
for Preset Interval
 As soon as rung condition become true Timer starts
counting
 As long as the condition is true timer increments
accumulated value till it reaches preset value.
 If rung condition become false, timer reset .
 The three timer bits EN,TT,DN can be used as rung
conditions
Timer On-Delay (TON)

EN
TIMER ON DELAY
Timer T4:0
Time base 0.01
Preset 120
DN
Accum 0
Cont.-

Status bits
•Timer Done bit DN(bit 13) is set when the ACC
value is equal to PRE. It is reset when rung
condition become false
•Timer Enable bit EN (bit 14) is set when rung
conditions are true.
•Timer Timing Bit TT (bit 15) is set when rung
condition is true and ACC value is less than PRE
value.
Timer Off-Delay (TOF)
 Used to turn on or off after its rung has been
off for a preset time interval.
 TOF begins to count time base intervals when
rung makes true to false
 It keeps on accumulating till the condition is
false or till it reaches to preset value
 As soon as rung condition becomes true
accumulated value is reset regardless of
whether timer has timed out
Timer Off-Delay

EN
TIMER OFF DELAY
Timer T4:0
Time base 0.01
Preset 120
DN
Accum 0
Retentive Timer (RTO)
 The RTO is used to turn output on or off after its
timer has been ON for preset time interval.
 RTO begins to count time base intervals when rung
conditions become true.
 The accumulated value is retained when the rung
condition become false and when rung conditions go
true, timing continues from the retained accumulated
value.
Status bits
 Done bit DN (bit 13) is when the accumulated
value is greater than or equal to the preset value. It
is not reset when rung condition become false; it is
reset only when the appropriate RES instruction is
enabled
 Timer Timing TT (bit 14) set when rung conditions
are true and accumulated value is less than Preset
value.
 Timer Enable EN (bit 15) is set when rung
conditions are true; it is reset when rung conditions
false.
 EN
RETENTIVE TIMER ON
Timer T4:0
Time base 0.01
Preset 120
DN
Accum 0
COUNTERS
 Similar to Timer instructions have 3 –
word data file elements.

Word 0 CU CD DN OV UN UA

Word 1 Preset value

Word 2 Accumulated value

CU = Counter up enable bit
CD = Counter down enable bit
DN = Done bit
OV = overflow bit
UN = underflow bit
UA = Update accumulated (HSC only)
Counter address
 Format Cf:e.s/b
C Counter
f File number. Number 5 is default fil.e
: Element dilimiter
e Element Rang 0- 255
number
. Word element
s sub element
/ Delimiter
b Bit
Types of counters
 Count up Counter
When rung is true a count up counter have false-to-
true transition, the accumulated value increments by
one
Counter DN bit is Set when Accumulated count is
equal to Preset.
The Cu (count up) bit is set when rung conditions are
true and is reset when either rung conditions go false
or an appropriate RES having the same address as
the CTU is enabled.
Count Down Counter:
Functions similar to Count up counter.
The counter accumulated value is decremented one
count for each false to true transition. When
Accumulated value is less than preset value the
counter DN bit is set.