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Spec vs. Specs
A spec consists of a metric, a unit, and
a value
Specs has a set of specs.
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Target vs. Final Specs
Target specs: the hope and aspiration
of the design (ideal and marginal)
Refined specs: trade-offs among
different desired characteristics.
Intermediate specs
Final specs
It is in the projects contract book
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Nature of Specifications
The reference point for functionality
design and quality planning
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The Product Specs Process
1. Set Target Specifications
Based on customer needs and benchmarks
Develop metrics for each need
Set ideal and acceptable values
2. Refine Specifications
Based on selected concept and feasibility testing
Technical and economic modeling
Trade-offs are critical
3. Reflect on the Results and the Process
Critical for ongoing improvement
Procedure for establishing
target specifications
1. Identify a list of metrics and measurement
units that sufficiently address the needs
2. Collect the competitive benchmarking
information
3. Set ideal and marginally acceptable target
values for each metric (using at least, at
most, between, exactly, etc.)
4. Reflect on the results and the process
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Process for setting the final
specifications
1. Develop technical models to assess technical feasibility. The
input is design variable and the output is a measurement using
a metric.
2. Develop a cost model of the product.
3. Refine the specifications, making tradeoffs, where necessary to
form a competitive map.
4. Flow down the final overall specs to specs for each
subsystem (component and part).
5. Reflect on the results to see
Whether the product is a winner, and/or
How much uncertainty there is in the technical and cost model, or
Whether there is a need to develop a better technical model.
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Product Specifications Example:
Mountain Bike Suspension Fork
Start with the Customer Needs
Metrics Exercise:
Ball Point Pen
Customer Need:
The pen writes smoothly.
Establish Metrics and Units
Link Metrics to Needs
Benchmark on Customer Needs
Benchmark on Metrics
Assign Marginal and Ideal Values
Concept Development Process
Mission Development
Statement Identify Establish Generate Select Test Set Plan Plan
Customer Target Product Product Product Final Downstream
Needs Specifications Concepts Concept(s) Concept(s) Specifications Development
Crunch KitKat
Opportunity?
Nestl
Crunch
Hersheys
w/ Almonds
Hersheys
Milk Chocolate
Chocolate
Specification Trade-offs
120
Rox Tahx Ti 21
Estimated Manufacturing Cost ($)
110
Maniray 2 Trade-off Curves
Estimated Mfg. Cost ($)
100
Gunhill Head for Three Concepts
Shox
90
Rox Tahx Quadra
.
70
ST Tritrack
60 ideal values
50
3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4
Score
Score on
on Monster (Gs)
Monster (Gs)
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Set Final Specifications
Quality Function Deployment
(House of Quality)
technical
correlations
relative engineering
importance metrics
customer benchmarking
needs on needs
relationships between
customer needs and
engineering metrics
Where:
M: profit margin
P: price
C: cost
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Target Cost
Where:
C = target cost
P = price to the end user
Mi = the margin at the ith stage.
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Mark up
Markup = P/C - 1
Where:
P: price
C: cost
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Chapter 6 HW
Identify five possible metrics and the unit of measure for a customer
need as stated below:
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