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Based On A Design of Experiments (DOE) Methodology For Determining Parameter Levels
Based On A Design of Experiments (DOE) Methodology For Determining Parameter Levels
4
Example (heat treatment
process for steel)
Heat treatment process used to harden steel
components
Parameter Parameters Level Level unit
number 1 2
1 Temperature 760 900 O
C
2 Quenching rate 35 140 O
C/s
3 Cooling time 1 300 s
4 Carbon 1 6 Wt%
contents c
5 Co 2 5 20 %
concentration
Determine which process parameters have the
greatest impact on the hardness of the steel
components
Taguchi method
To investigate how different parameters
affect the mean and variance of a
process performance characteristic.
No. of runs = 4 2
3-1
I=
ABC
No. of runs = 4 2
3-1
I=
-ABC
Half-Fraction Designs
The effect, ABC , is called the generator
or word for this design
I=
ABCD
24-1
I=A
D
24-2
Taguchi's Orthogonal Arrays
Taguchi's orthogonal arrays are highly fractional
orthogonal designs. These designs can be used to
estimate main effects using only a few experimental
runs.
2III3-1
I = -ABC
Taguchi's Orthogonal Arrays
Figure (b) shows the 2III3-1 design (I = -ABC,
defining relation ) which also requires four
runs and can be used to estimate three main
effects, assuming that all two factor and
three factor interactions are unimportant.
L8
(2^7)
Taguchis Three Level Designs-
Example
L9 (3^4)
Analyzing Experimental
Data
To determine the effect each variable has
on the output, the signal-to-noise ratio,
or the SN number, needs to be calculated
for each experiment conducted.
This setup allows the testing of all four variables without having to ru
Selecting the proper orthogonal
array by Minitab Software
Worked out Example
b) Question: Conducting three trials
for each experiment, the data below
was collected. Compute the SN ratio
for each experiment for the target
value case, create a response chart,
and determine the parameters that
have the highest and lowest effect on
the processor yield.
Worked out Example
Experi Standar
ment Doping Deposit d
Numbe Temper Pressur Amoun ion deviatio
r ature e t Rate Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Mean n
1 100 2 4 0.1 87.3 82.3 70.7 80.1 8.5
2 100 5 6 0.2 74.8 70.7 63.2 69.6 5.9
3 100 8 8 0.3 56.5 54.9 45.7 52.4 5.8
4 150 2 6 0.3 79.8 78.2 62.3 73.4 9.7
5 150 5 8 0.1 77.3 76.5 54.9 69.6 12.7
6 150 8 4 0.2 89 87.3 83.2 86.5 3
7 200 2 8 0.2 64.8 62.3 55.7 60.9 4.7
8 200 5 4 0.3 99 93.2 87.3 93.2 5.9
9 200 8 6 0.1 75.7 74 63.2 71 6.8
Enter data to Minitab
Worked out Example
b) Solution:
80.12
,For the first treatment SN i 10 log 8.5 2 19.5
Experiment A B C D
Number (temp) (pres) (dop) (dep) T1 T2 T3 SNi
1 1 1 1 1 87.3 82.3 70.7 19.5
2 1 2 2 2 74.8 70.7 63.2 21.5
3 1 3 3 3 56.5 54.9 45.7 19.1
4 2 1 2 3 79.8 78.2 62.3 17.6
5 2 2 3 1 77.3 76.5 54.9 14.8
6 2 3 1 2 89 87.3 83.2 29.3
7 3 1 1 2 64.8 62.3 55.7 22.3
8 3 2 2 3 99 93.2 87.3 24.0
9 3 3 1 1 75.7 74 63.2 20.4
Worked out Example
Shown below is the response table. calculating an
average SN value for each factor. A sample
calculation is shown for Factor B (pressure):
Experiment A B C D
Number (temp) (pres) (dop) (dep) SNi
1 1 1 1 1 19.5
2 1 2 2 2 21.5
3 1 3 3 3 19.1
4 2 1 2 3 17.6
5 2 2 3 1 14.8
6 2 3 1 2 29.3
7 3 1 1 2 22.3
8 3 2 2 3 24.0
9 3 3 1 1 20.4
Worked out Example
SN B1 19.5 17.6 22.3 19.8 SN B2 21.5 14.8 24.0 20.1
3 3
SN B3 19.1 29.3 20.4 22.9
3
Level A (temp) B (pres) C (dop) D (dep)
1 20 19.8 24.3 18.2
2 20.6 20.1 19.8 24.4
3 22.2 22.9 18.7 20.2
2.2 3.1 5.5 6.1
Rank 4 3 2 1
The effect of this factor is then calculated by
determining
Max Min the
22.range:
9 19.8 3.1
Deposition rate has the largest effect on the processor yield
and the temperature has the smallest effect on the process
Example solution by Minitab
Example: determine response
columns
Example Solution
Example: Main Effect Plot
for SN ratios
Differences between SN and
Means response table
Main effect plot for means
Mixed level designs
Example: A reactor's behavior is dependent upon
impeller model, mixer speed, the control
algorithm employed, and the cooling water valve
type. The possible values for each are as follows:
Impeller model: A, B, or C
Mixer speed: 300, 350, or 400 RPM
Control algorithm: PID, PI, or P
Valve type: butterfly or globe