Tyre cord

Technical textiles
 CONTENTS
Introduction
Parts & structure of tyre cord
Function of parts
Classification of tyres
Raw material in tyre cord
Properties of raw material
Structure of tyre cord fabric
Types of tyre cord
Tire cord manufacturing
Manufacturing process
Uses of tyre cord
Advantages of tyre cord
Comparison with other
material
New Developments
Cost of tyre cord
 INTRODUCTION

Tyre is a pressure vessel and cord keeps it

dimensionally stable.

Tyres have to carry heavy loads, steel and fabric

cords are used in the construction to reinforce
rubber compound and provide strength.

Tyre yarns of polyester, rayon, nylon, aramid,

glass, or steel are twisted to 5 to 12 turns per
inch.
 PARTS & STRUCTURE OF
TYRE CORD
TREAD
RIB
GROOVES
SIPES
SHOULDER
CAP PLIES
STEEL BELT
RADIAL PLIES
BEAD CHAFFER
BEAD
TREAD BLOCK
 FUNCTION OF PARTS OF
TYRE
Tread it is thick layer (approx. 18-20 mm) of
rubber which comes into contact with road.
Rib it is designed for noise suppression.
Grooves to traction in all weather, directional
control, cool running and all rolling resistance.

Sips serves as the support for the wheel moving

on the road.
Shoulder upper portion of the side wall just
below the tread edge that affects tyre heat
behavior and cornering characteristics.
Cap plies main load baring components layers
of fabric cord extending from bead to bead to
reinforce the tyre and maintain the shape.
 FUNCTIONS OF PARTS OF
TYRE
Steel belt located below cap plies to increase tensile
strength of tyre. steel belt or layer provides well balanced
combination of rubber & fabric. Thickness is 0.2 to 0.38
mm. this are the steel cord plated with copper or zinc.
Radial plies thin layer of rubber inside the tyre
containing compressed air tube.
Sidewall portion between tread to bead. it is rubber
sheet 1.5 to 3.5 mm thick protecting tube from any kind of
mechanical or physical damage and moisture penetration.
bead chafer narrow strip of flex material around the
outside of the bead that protects tyre against wear & tear
and prevent dirt and moisture from getting into the tyre.
Bead structure composed of high tensile strength steel
wire which holds the tyre assembly onto the rim of the
wheel for handling performance.
RAW MATERIAL IN TYRE
CORD
 PROPERTIES OF NYLON 66

Nylon 66 tends to form strong interchain hydrogen

bonds. This results in a stronger & more
crystalline polymer that softens or melts at
relatively higher temperature.

It has a higher tenacity and is less subjected to

shrinkage.

Better fatigue resistance.

Higher resonance frequency.

No flat spotting.
 Structure of Tyre Cord
Fabric

The tyre cord fabric is

comprised of warp cords
oriented in the longitudinal
direction and weft yarns
oriented in the lateral
direction. The warp cords
are used in reinforcing
pneumatic tires.
 TYRE CORD
MANUFACTURING

The cord fabric consists of yarns of a linear

density of 500 tex in warp and common
cotton yarns with a linear density of 16.6-
25 tex in weft.

The properties of cord depend on the

number of plies of thinner and number of
twists to be given in yarn.
 Processing of Tyre Cord

Most tyre companies produce tyre cord

from high tenacity continuous filament
yarn supplied by various fiber
manufacturers.
 MANUFACTURING
PROCESS
Steps of manufacturing tyre cord-
1. Spinning- By melt spinning we get filaments.
2. Twisting
Its purpose is to-
To prevent filament breakage.
Improved coherence of yarns.
To improve fatigue resistance.
To improve weaving workability.
3. Cabling- It is done by ply cable
winding machine. Yarn tension
of about 0.02 cN/tex is
recommended.

4. Weaving- 100 or 1500 cords with

3-1 pick per cm of light Cotton,
Rayon, PET yarn threads.
A type of fabric is obtained in
one direction of warp as far
stronger than in the other
direction.
5. Dipping- During Tire cord
dipping process an Adhesive
was applied & the fabric is
treated under controlled
condition of time.

After dipping fabric passes

through vacuum suction
lines to remove the excess
dip before entering a drying
oven, where water is
removed.
6. Vulcanization- It is a
process by which rubber is
heated with sulphur to
create a network of
chemical cross-links
 M/C INFORMATION

Tyre Cord fabric manufacturing is carried out on special looms:-

1. Heavy power looms TT-160

2. Automatic loom AT-175K
3. CTE175-KM
 Specifications of loom

Loom width- 190 - 200 cm

(approx)
Cloth take-up upto 550 mm
or on demand with batching
up to 1200 mm.
Single warp beam up to 280
cm
Weft insertion rate up to 550
MPM
Tyre comparision

Aircraft vs.
passenger tyre
applications:
Passenger tyre: all-
season tyre, which is
built to endure long-
term wear while
providing adequate
performance in
almost all conditions.
TYPE OF TYRE CORD
 PROPERTIES

Nylon tyre cord fabric

1.Optimum reinforcing
material
2.High tenacity
3.High toughness
4.Superior fatigue resistance
5.Good adhesion to rubber
 PROPERTIES

Rayon fabric
1.High initial
modulus
2.Improves testing
temper about 70-
30 degree Celsius

Fabric quality is based on its strength, stretch, shrinkage & elasticity

 Polyester tyre cord fabric
1. High strength
2. Low shrinkage
3. High modulus
4. Increase extensibility
 Steel fabric
1. Tensile strength
2. Elongation
3. Stiffness
4. Superior corrosion
resistance
5. High modulus
 USES OF TYRE CORD
FABRIC
POLYESTER - MAINLY USED FOR PASSENGER CAR
AND LIGHT TRUCK RADIAL TYRES.
NYLON- ARE USED AFTER BEGINNING OPERATION
OF VEHICLE UTILIZING TYRES.
TO REDUCE PRODUCTION COST.
ARE USED IN TYRES IN TRUCK, BUS & OFF ROAD
VEHICLES.
STEEL- IT IS USED INSIDE TYRES.
Applications of tyre cord

Applications
Automotive
Exterior
Passenger car tires
Bus and truck tires
Earth mover, off the road
Industrial tires
Agricultural / farm tires
Agricultural & excavator
tracks
Snowmobile tracks
Motor cycle tires

 Advantages & uses of
tyre cord
Advantages:
Meeting the highest performance, safety, environment
and cost criteria
Innovative constructions for a longer tyre life
Enhanced wire-to-rubber adhesion for higher safety
Stronger wires and new cord constructions that lead to
lower costs, lower weight and fuel savings
 Uses of tyre cord

Best reinforcement material:

reducing friction
Wears between cord threads during compression,
bending & stretching
Also greatly improves fatigue resistance, endurance life
& pressure holding performance.
Deals with: Geotextiles & civil engineering.
 Innovative constructions for
longer life
Polyester tyre cord fabric:
leads to high break strength, dimensional stability, good
in humidity, good creep resistance, high modulus etc.
Deals with: hot water bottles , conveyer belt fabric, high
modulus low shrinkage yarn.
 Market view & price ratio of tyre
cord
Market Forecast - Tire Cord and Tire Fabric Mills:
Market forecasts show the long term outlook for the Tire Cord and Tire Fabric Mills industry. The
following five-year forecast utilizes advanced econometric techniques that take into account both
short-term and long-term industry trends.
 DEVELOPMENTS & SCOPE
OF CORD FABRIC

For high load lifting capacity cord is

made for steel yarn.
Cord is manufactured of glass fibers
in some countries.
In recent years, cushion cord fabric
for these tyre is usually made from
stiff fibers with the minimum
elongation
 belts reinforced with kevlar aramid fiber
Improved rubberized fabric sheets used in
waterproof covers, flexible storage bins ,
frictional surface etc.
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