Dissection

Mods: 9-11
Pig Skeletal System
Skeletal System
Functions:
- Support

- Protection

- Movement

Components of the skeletal system:

1. Femur (Appendicular)

2. Rib Cage (Axial)

3. Humerus (Appendicular)
Hydrostatic Skeletons
- Skeletal systems from individual fluid
compartments
- Muscles contract and relax to alter the
shape of the animal
- Allows them to move by peristalsis

- Earthworms move through peristalsis

Exoskeletons
- Hard encasement on the surface of an animal
- Mollusks: Shells are made of calcium carbonate. They just grow larger and larger

- Arthropods: Animals shed the shells

Endoskeletons
- Bones are on the inside of the body and protecting vital organs
- Bounded by proteins
Homologous
Analogous Features
Humans and pigs are mammals
Share same phylogenetic heritage. Thus it was difficult to find any Analogous functions
Dissection
- Pros:
- Realism

- Hands on, uses more sense for an in-depth understanding

- How everything is connected

- Develop respect for animals

- Prepares students for future dissections

- Cons:
- Contributing to the unreasonable death by man to an innocent baby animal.

- Costly since you are paying for the life of the deceased animal.
Digestive
Overview
Peristalsis (muscular contractions)
pushes food down esophagus.
Stomach releases gastric juices to
digest. The duodenum digests even
more by mixing acid chyme and juices
from pancreas, liver, gallbladder, and
gland cells. Nutrition is absorbed in the
small intestine. Water recycle occurs in
large intestine (colon). Waste is
excreted through the rectum of the
anus. Faiaz, A. (n.d.). Efficiency of the pig digestive system.
Retrieved May 18, 2017, from
http://blog.ssis.edu.vn/103182/2014/03/21/efficienc
y-of-the-pig-digestive-system/
Digestive Function
- The Duodenum is to make and secrete an important
substance called bile
- To process the blood coming from the small intestine
containing the nutrients just absorbed.
- Breaking food down into nutrients
Esophagus Tract
Saliva triggered from salivary glands digest food in

the oral cavity by using salivary amylase, an enzyme.

In the pharynx, the epiglottis flap closes down to allow

the bolus (ball of food) into the esophagus.

Peristalsis pushes the bolus down the esophagus.

Luke, S. (2015). Anatomy of the Digestive

System. Retrieved May 22, 2017, from
https://www.saintlukeshealthsystem.org/
health-library/anatomy-digestive-system
Stomach
Gastric juices as well as pepsin, an enzyme in the gastric juice that hydrolyzes
proteins (the pepsin is in its inactive form: pepsinogen), digests the food. The
pepsin breaks peptide bonds into smaller polypeptides.

The digested food mixes with the stomach digestive juices to create acid
chyme.

The chyme periodically passes to the small intestine through the pyloric
sphincter.
Intestinal Digestion
In the duodenum, the stomach chyme mixes with digestive juices from the
pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.

Bicarbonate buffers the acidity of the stomach chyme.

Lipid digestion: Bile from the liver aids in digestion and absorption of fats
Enzyme: Lipase

Carb digestion: polysaccharides are hydrolyzed into disaccharides, etc.

Enzyme: Amylase
 Features
Analogous features:
- Different in Origin

- Similar in Function

- Lacks recent common ancestor Hoffman, M. (2009). Picture of the

Homologous features:
- Similar in Origin
Stomach. Retrieved May 18, 2017, from Stomach, Diaphragm & Esophagus.
http://www.webmd.com/digestive- (n.d.). Retrieved May 22, 2017, from
disorders/picture-of-the-stomach http://fetalpiganatomylab.weebly.com/
stomach-diaphragm--esophagus.html

- Very similar in function/form

- Recent common ancestor

- I.e the esophagus is present in both pigs and humans, but pigs have the ability to break down
toxins (different function).
 Dissection
Pros Cons
Solidifies In educational
student contexts it
knowledge of raises ethical
structure, and
function, environmental
placement, and concerns
interconnections regarding the
of organs and killing of
systems; animals, the
reinforces ignoring of
concepts animal welfare
covered in standards, the
class/curricular weakening of
materials; respect for life,
provides the and the turn-
most off factor for
authentic/memo some students.
rable/best way
Oakley, J. (2012, April). Science teachers and the dissection debate: Perspectives on animal dissection and alternatives .
Retrieved Mayto learn about
22, 2017, from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ990519.pdf
anatomy and
Kahoot:Digestive System
Nervous System
Spinal Cord:
Transports information

Contains threadlike
nerves that branch out
to every organ and
body part

Runs from the brain

and down the back

Cervical nerve: Eight paired nerves that go to the peripheral nervous system,
similar

Sacral nerve: Controls the bladder and bowels, sends messages to control the
pelvic muscles

Thoracic nerve: From the spinal nerve, connects to lungs, and muscles in the
center of the body
Kahoot
Analogous and Homologous Nervous System
Cardiovascular system
Cardiovascular Overview
- Circulatory System: transports blood throughout the body
through veins
-The heart is the central pump
-the pulmonary circulation pumps blood through the
lungs to pick up oxygen
-the systemic circulation brings the oxygen blood to
organs, tissues and cells
-Lymphatic System: the transportation of lymph throughout
the body
-Helps cells fight off infections and diseases
-When one gets cut, blood will clot so that it does not
______bleed out
-Hepatic System: Storing nutrients and detoxifying blood
-Veins carry blood from gastrointestinal (GI) tract
-Enters the liver, nutrients are processed and stored
-Blood is detoxified before returning to blood stream
Cardiovascular system
Function:
-Transports nutrients, oxygen, and
hormones throughout the body through the
heart, blood vessels, and blood.

-Removal of carbon dioxide and nitrogen

waste

-Clotting to protect body from blood lost

-Fight off infectious diseases

-Regulation of body temperature, pH levels,

and water content in the cell
Cardiovascular
Homologous features:
- Right and Left
Atrium and
ventricle
- Right and left
pulmonary
artery
- Aorta

- Inferior vena
cava
- Superior vena
Cardiovascular
- Pros:
- Realism

- Hands on

- Prepares students for future dissections

- Cons:
- May encourage students to harm animals

- May stop students from pursuing science

- Sharp tools (Students could get hurt)

Quiz
https://play.kahoot.it/#/k/047348c5-a049-4166-b066-152d2a9f8ac1
Citations for Cardiovascular
Circulatory System - Managing Pig Health and Treating Pig Diseases on ThePigSite.com. (n.d.).
Retrieved May 15, 2017, from http://www.thepigsite.com/pighealth/article/2/circulatory-system/

Haley, E. (n.d.). Cardiovascular System. Retrieved May 15, 2017, from

http://yayhumanbodysystems.weebly.com/cardiovascular-system.html

Inspirational Pig Anatomy Vs Human Anatomy 51 On Human Anatomy Diagram With Pig Anatomy Vs
Human Anatomy. (n.d.). Retrieved May 15, 2017, from
http://learnandreturn.com/pig-anatomy-vs-human-anatomy/inspirational-pig-anatomy-vs-human-a
natomy-51-on-human-anatomy-diagram-with-pig-anatomy-vs-human-anatomy/