STRINGING & FINAL CHECKING

OF TRANSMISSION LINES
 STRINGING - METHODS
Basically there are three methods of
stringing
Manual Method
Tension Method
Helicopter method
 STRINGING METHODS
Manual Method:
In this method, conductor is pulled along
the ground by means of a pulling
vehicle. The conductor drum shall be
mounted on a drum lifting jack.
The major drawback is that surface
condition of the conductor will get
damaged
 Tension stringing method

This method is used to keep conductor surface safe during

stringing process. In this method, the conductor is kept under
tension during the stringing process to keep the conductor clear
of the ground.
A pulling line is initially pulled into the travelers which is then
used to pull the conductor from the reel stands using specially
designed tensioners and pullers.
There are basically two types of pulling machines used in the construction
of transmission lines being strung under tension. These are defined as
bullwheel and drum/reel-type.
Pullers should be equipped with load-indicating and load-limiting devices.
Tensioners should be equipped with tension indicating devices. The
capacities of the puller and tensioner should be based on the conductor,
span length, terrain, and clearances required above obstructions.
Sag tensions should never be exceeded during stringing. Required
capacity for both puller and tensioner can be calculated as mentioned in
IEE 524.
Positive braking systems are required for pullers and tensioners to
maintain conductor tension when pulling is stopped.
The pulling and braking systems should operate smoothly and should not
cause any sudden jerking or bouncing of the conductor
 TENSION STRINGING TOOLS AND PLANTS

The following tools and plants are normally used.

TSE Set (Tensioner & Puller of 8t/15t capacity).
Running block for conductor
Running block for Earthwire
Head Board
Pilot wire each of 800m length
Pilot wire joint
Ground roller for tension/Manual stringing
Wire mesh Pulling grip (One end open) for conductor
Wire mesh pulling grip (One end open for earth wire)
Wire mesh pulling Grip (Both ends open) for Conductor
Articulated joints
Drum Mounting jack for conductor drum of 10T capcity
Turn Table (5t capacity) Anchor plate with Anchor pins
Hydraulic compressor machine of 100t capacity with die
sets
Travelling Ground
Dynamometer(10t, 2t)
Pilot wire reel stand
Four sheave pulley with wire rope.
Equalizer pulley
contd.
 TENSION STRINGING TOOLS AND PLANTS

Conductor lifting Tackle

Winch machine(Motorised/Manual)
Come along clamp for conductor(Bolted & Automatic)
Comealong clamp for Earthwire(Bolted & Automatic)
Turn Buckle (10T, 3T)
Sag Board
Marking Roller
Mismatch Roller
Joint protector
Walkie Talkie set
Theodalite with stand
Hydraulic conductor cutter
Flags(Red & Green)
Crow bar (1.8m length)
Hydraulic Tensioner (YK-YZ30A)

Details
Essentialparameter
MaximumTension(kN):30
ContinuousTension(kN):25
Maximumspeed(km/h):5
Bullwheelbottomofgroov
ediameter(mm):1200
Numberofgrooves:5
Maximumpullback(kN):20
Maximumsuitableconduct
ordiameter(mm):32,
Enginepower/speed(kW/r
pm):11/2200
Dimensions(mm):3560
16002220
Weight(kg):1700
 Features of Tensioner (YK-YZ30A)

1. BullwheelwithwearproofMCnylonliningsegments.
2.infinitelyvariabletensioncontrolandconstanttensionconductorstri
nging.
3.itadaptItalianreducer.
4.springappliedhydraulicreleasedbrakeactsautomaticallyincaseof
hydraulic failuretoensuresafety
Maincomponent:
1.Engine:Domesticwatercooledengine.
2.Mainpump/motor,Chinesefamousbrandedpumpandmotor.
3.Reducer:RR(Italian)
4.Radiator:AKG
5.Hydraulicinstrument:WIKA
6.Itcanchooseimportengine
Uses:
Itadequatetotensionreleasingvariousconductsandearthwires.andals
ouseful fortensionreleasingOPGWopticcablecompoundedearth
wireandADSSselfstandopticcable.etc
Hydraulic Puller (YK-YQ30)

Essential parameter
Maximum linepull (kN):30
Continuous linepull (kN):25
Maximum linespeed (km/h):5
Bullwheel bottom of groove
diameter(mm) :300
Bullwheel grooves number : 7
Maximum suitable steelrope
diameter (mm): 13
Maximum through connector
diameter (mm): 40
Engine power /speed
(kW/rpm):31/2200
Dimensions(mm):32001600
2000
Weight (kg): 1500
 Features of (YK-YQ30):
1.Infinitely variable speed and line control ,the pull in
the rope can be read on the line pull gauge .
2.The max pull for conductor stringing operation can
preset ,automatic overpull protection system .
3.Spring applied hydraulic release brake acts
automatically in case of hydraulic failure ensure to
safety .
4.Attached reel winder with automatically level wind
.load and unload conveniently .
main component :
1.Chinese famous diesel engine.
2.Main pump:SAUER SUNDSTRAND pump .main
motor : SAI techniques product .
3. Radiator:AKG
4.Hydraulic instrument:WIKA
5.Mating with model GSP950 drum
 Stringing tools

Pulley Automatic bolted-type-clamp

Chain pully block
clamp

Engine-winch-
hydraulic-compressor
compression die sets machine-diesel-5-ton-
machine-motorised
capacity
Equalizer-pulley Eye-type-four- Four-Sheave-
sheave pulley pulley

hydraulic-cond-cutter- kitto-clamp
open-type-single
two-cup-up-to-40mm-
sheave-pulley
dia-acsr
OPGW-Cable-Comealong patta clamp

pulley-blocks

pilot wire reel

 sag scope sagging-pulleysingle-rope-pulley snatch-pulley

Turn-buckle-3t-10t
turn-table-with-
snatch-type-
swivel-joint & breaking
steel-pulley
connector
 HELICOPTER METHOD

Conductor will be strung directly from the helicopter;

as
a result, most transmission line work will be performed
without touching the ground or encroaching on the
right-of-way.
An aerial utility contractor will be hired as needed
during
each projects conductor installation phase.
Helicopters will
fly in close proximity to the new transmission
structures.
 Helicopter stringing overview
1. Utility linemen will be transferred to each structure via the helicopter;
they will then hang stringing wheels on each arm of the structure.
2. Rope is then hooked onto the helicopter and pulled through the
stringing heels for about 20,000 feet. Wire
rope is then connected and pulled back the opposite way through the
stringing wheels.
3. Conductor is then pulled back through the stringing wheels using a
machine located on the ground (conductor is too heavy to be pulled by
the helicopter).
4. Using the helicopter, the stringing wheels are removed from each arm
while attachments, including dampers to minimize vibration on the
conductor, bird diverters and spacers, are added.
Benefits
Stringing transmission conductor using helicopters has numerous
benefits, including:
Decreases total project construction time
Allows work in remote or inaccessible locations
Reduces environmental impact
Minimizes right-of-way intrusion
Minimizes matting in sensitive areas
A utility lineman A utility lineman
attaches a spacer suspended from a cable
between attached to a helicopter
transmission hangs a stringing wheel.
conductor
Working from a platform attached to A utility lineman prepares to attach
a helicopter, a utility lineman a
attaches spacer between transmission
a spacer between transmission conductor
conductor
 STRINGING
Steps involved
After ensuring the tightness of all the
bolts and nuts the following activities
will be started.
Insulator hoisting along with aerial
rollers
Earthwire stringing
Paying out the pilot wire
Positioning of Stringing equipment
SPACER TROLLY
ARRANGEMENT
What are the issues arise at the
time of stringing

?
During stringing what should be
strung first

Conductor/ earth wire ?

Significance of earth wire
stringing

?
What is the effect of stringing earth

wire first ?
How should be jumper arrangement in
various types of T/M lines ?

What is the method for measuring

jumper ?
 DRUM
SCHEDULING
 DRUM SCHEDULING
OBJECTIVE
Effective utilization of the conductor
To prevent Wastage of the conductor.
INPUTS
Details of Tower Schedule
Standard length of each drum.
Receipt of Drums Details
BASIS:
Knowledge of Usage of cut lengths for Jumpers and Short Spans.
All the joints or splices shall be made at least 30 metres away from
the tower structures.
No joints or splices shall be made in spans crossing over main roads,
railways and small river tension spans.
Not more than one joint per sub conductor per span shall be allowed .
Conductor drums have to be transported to the tensioner site as per the
approved drum schedule for the section to avoid wastage and small bit
lengths being left over.
The selection of drum shall be such that no mid span joint will come within
30mtrs of any tower
DRUM SCHEDULE
TOWER SCHEDULE
 HANDLING OF CONDUCTOR AND
EARTHWIRE
Handling and transporting of the conductor and accessories shall be carried out in such a
manner as to minimize the possibility of damages from abrasion through rough handling
or dirt and grit and getting into the reel of the conductor by touching or rubbing against
ground or objects, causing injury to the conductor etc.
Particular care shall be taken at all times to ensure that the conductor do not become
kinked twisted or abraded in any manner. If the conductor is damaged, the section
affected shall be replaced or repaired by putting joint or using repair sleeves or polishing
with emery cloth, so as to give satisfactory performance.
The conductor shall not be over strained during erection. The conductor shall be run out
of the drums from the top in order to avoid damage due to chaffing.
Drum battens shall not be removed until conductor drums are properly mounted at the
drum station on the line, and battens shall be immediately refitted on the drum if any
surplus conductor is left thereon.
Drums will be transported and positioned on station with the least possible amount of
rolling, immediately after running out, the conductor shall be raised at the supports to
the level of the clamps and placed into the running blocks.
The grooves of the running blocks shall be of a design that the seat is semi-circular and
larger that the diameter of conductor/earth wire and it does not slip over or rubs against
the sides.
The grooves shall be lined with hard rubber or neoprene to avoid damage to conductor
and shall be lined with hard rubber or neoprene to avoid damage to conductor and shall
be mounted on well oiled bearings.
At all stages of construction proper care shall be taken so that the conductor surface is
smooth enough to give satisfactory corona and radio interference performance.
Contd..
 HANDLING OF CONDUCTOR AND EARTHWIRE
The running blocks shall be suspended in a manner to suit design of the cross-
arm.
All running blocks specially those at the tensioning end, will be fitted on the
cross arms with jute cloth wrapped over the steel works and under the sling to
avoid damage to the slings as well as the protective surface finish of the steel
work.
In case, section towers are used even for temporary terminations, if this be
unavoidable, they shall be well guyed and steps shall be taken to avoid damage.
The drums shall be provided with a suitable breaking device to avoid damage,
loose running out and kinking of the conductor.
The conductor shall be continuously observed for loose or broken strands or any
other damage.
When approaching end of a drum length at least three coils shall be left when
the stringing operations are stopped.
These coils shall be removed carefully and if another and if another length is
required to be run out a joint shall be made as per the recommendations of the
conductor manufacturers.
Normally, the joints shall be so made that these are not required to pass through
running out of blocks, the joints will be protected with suitable joint protector
sleeves.
OPGW(optical ground wire)system:
 T&P for OPGW

Swivel
Tensioner Pulle
r

Pulley Pulling grip Anti-twisting devices

 Basic controls for OPGW stringing
Strict controls must be established during installation to ensure
that it is performed correctly, without excess tension, twist of
the OPGW, unsuitable compression, regulating a correct
sagging. Neither the fibers nor the aluminum tube will be
damaged
The tensioner and the puller should be placed at a distance from
the first tower pulley which is equivalent to at least twice the
height of the pulley.
No obstacles must prevent the pulleys from rotating in the
correct way.
Stringing speed:
Stringing speed about 60 m/min, depending always on the
environmental conditions and the topology of the overhead line.
pulling tension shall be lower than 1.5 times the weight (kg) of 1
km OPGW cable length.
 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE FOR OPGW FIBER
OPTIC CABLES
OPGW Cable with optical fiber are similar to those used for installation of the
standard ground wire cable special care should be taken to avoid any damage to the
fibers by observing the minimum bending radius at all times
Therefore, specific components and machinery are used for the OPGW cable: pullers,
tensioners, anti twisting counterweights, swivels, pulling grips, pulley-blocks, self-
gripping clamps, pulling ropes, pulling cables, etc
Survey of the line:
The OPGW drum lengths are determined based on the following considerations:
position of the tension towers, tower access, distance between supports and crossing
with other lines, roads, railways, routes, services and other obstacles.
The position of the splices depends on the maximum available length of OPGW, on
the
position of the towers and the tower access.
 Transport, loading, unloading and
storage:
The drums should always be transported in vertical position with the cable
ends fixed to prevent cable from slackening. All of the staves and/or
safeguards should be maintained until the drums are situated for immediate
installation.
After the transport, the drums should be inspected to verify that they have
not been damaged and that none of the staves and/or safeguards are broken.
The drums should never, under any circumstances, be thrown from the lorry
during unloading, nor moved by uncontrolled rolling.
Loading and unloading are performed so that the drum ream ins in vertical
position and the sides of the drum are not damaged.
The drums can be moved by rolling a short distance ensuring that there are
no objects that may damage the staves. The direction in which the drum
turns should be the same as that in which the cable is wound during
manufacture.
The drum should not be stored on its side under any circumstances
whatsoever.
The ends of the cable should be sealed to prevent water penetration.
The drums should be stored on flooring that is strong enough to prevent
sinking.
The drums should be stored to facilitate handling and loading. They should be
located far from any activity that may damage them.
Positioning the equipments
The drum must be located at a distance of 2 or 3 metres from the
tensioner. The lifting components usually used are hydraulic jacks
and a bar with the suitable dimensions inserted in the central
opening of the drum. The drum must be located at a height of 10 to
15 cm from the ground.
Puller and tensioner
Either the puller and the tensioner must be placed at a minimum
distance from the tower equal or greater than 2 times the height of
the tower. The tensioner as well as the puller should be placed aligned
with the conductors. The maximum acceptable deviation angle is 30.
(a < 30 see Figure)

If it is not possible to achieve this angle, the puller and/or the tensioner
are placed close to the following tower, using an additional pulling cable
of the required length.
90 or less retracking of the optic cable is not allowed.
The tensioner as well as the puller should be positioned at a minimum
distance equivalent to twice the height of the support to which the cable
is fastened.
 Positioning the equipments
The tensioner must be equipped with a dynamometer (i). Its reels
must be protected with material that does not damage the outer
layer of the OPGW cable.
The puller must also be equipped with a dynamometer with
automatic disconnection in case of over tension on the cable.
The pulling cable should be joined to the OPGW cable by a swivel and
a pulling grip
The minimum diameter of the reels (where the OPGW is to be coiled)
used during the installation should be at least 80 times the diameter
of the OPGW cable, with no need of exceeding 1500mm. For
example, the tensioner reels for a 15mm cable should have a
diameter of approximately 1.2 meters.
In the tensioner, the first groove the cable will pass through must be
perpendicular to the axis of the drum. A double armour OPGW in the
tensioner it will enter from the left and leave from the right for right-
hand lay sense (and from the right and leave from the left for left-
hand lay sense).
 Ground connection of the OPGW

the breaking device and the puller have to be suitably connected to the
ground by a
system of moveable rollers

Ground connection of the OPGW

cable at the tensioner outlet
 Anti-twisting devices
When a single or double layer OPGW cable is installed, an anti-twisting system
is required to compensate the inherent effect of torque of the OPWG cable.
This device is always positioned at the pulling head of the OPGW cable and
equipped with two counterweights placed at a distance that is at least 3
meters one from the other.
In this way that when one counterweight goes through the pulley the other is
operative.
Another anti-twisting device is installed at the end of the OPGW cable just
before it leaves the tensioner.
The weight of the anti-twisting devices has to be high enough to prevent OPGW
cable rotation.
The minimum values recommended for each counterweight are as follows:
- Spans <300 m 12 kg
- Spans 300 m - 700 m 15 kg
- Spans > 700 m 20 kg
For Installation length longer than 4000 meters these values should be
increased by 5 kg.
Special precaution must be taken in order to not rotate the cable inside the
counterweights, due to unsuitable or incorrect tightening, during tightening
process special attention has to be taken on using the appropriate clamp range
and correct installation procedure, in order to not damage the OPGW cable
 STEPS OF STRINGING:

The stringing procedure is broadly divided into

the following steps:

Paying out & stringing of conductor.

Paying out & stringing of earthwire
Final sagging of earthwire and conductor.
Clipping and fixing of accessories.
 What is guying ?
GUYING OF TOWERS

Before commencing of stringing, the angle towers where the stringing is to be

started have to be provided with guy supports for all the phases.

What are the precautions which should be taken at the time of

guying?

The guys used generally are 20 mm steel wire rope. The guys are attached to the
tower at the tip of the cross arm , to the strain plates with suitable D-shackles.

The guys are anchored in the ground at an angle of 45 deg. or less from the
horizontal, attached to dead end anchors .

The guy wire is attached to the dead end anchor wire with the help of turn
buckles of 10 tons capacity.

After pulling up the slackness in guy, it is tightened by the turn buckle.

Excessive tightening of guy should be avoided. It is advisable to tighten the guy

progressively at the time of rough sagging of the conductor.
 INSULATOR HOISTING :
In 132 KV and 220 KV transmission lines, suspension insulator strings are used
on all suspension 'A' type towers (upto a deviation of 2 degrees) and tension
insulator strings are used on 'B' and 'C' type Tension towers.

In 400 KV lines V-type insulator strings are used on all suspension A-O and A-5
towers (up to a deviation of 5 degrees). Double tension insulator strings are
used at all B-30, C-60 and DE type Tension towers.

The number of insulator units to be used on various types of strings are vary.
Double suspension insulator strings are used in 132 KV & 220 KV lines on
Suspension towers of River and Power line Crossings only.

Double Tension insulator strings are used in 132 KV & 220 KV lines on Tension
towers of Railway, River and Power Line Crossings only

What are the precautions which should be taken at the time

of insulator hoisting?
 INSULATOR HOISTING:
PRECAUTIONS:
After opening of the crates, insulators shall be laid in series, on wooden planks below
the suspension points.
The insulators shall be cleaned with water and wiped dry with cloth free from grease
and oil.
Insulators shall be checked for any chipping or crack and shall be replaced with new
one.
The no. of insulators required for string shall be joined and R clips in the clevis shall
be expanded to avoid slippage of the pin.
The hardware of the string on the tower side is assembled and joined to the first
insulator by ball eye.
The bottom insulator is joined to the twin moose roller. The neoprene rubber cushion
on the outer rollers shall be checked for any cracks/wearing out and shall be changed
if required.
A single sheave pulley is fixed to the cross arm very near to the suspension hanger. A
20 mm polypropylene rope is passed through the pulley.
Both the end of the rope is brought to the ground. One end of the rope is firmly tied
below the 3rd or 4th insulator. The complete string with roller is lifted up by pulling
the rope through a pulley attached to one of the tower legs by using tractor/manually.
After reaching the top the string is attached to the suspension hanger and string is
released slowly to hang free.
 Precautions shall be taken for hosting of
insulator strings:
i.)The insulator strings shall be assembled on the ground before hosting.
ii.)The strings shall be fixed on the towers just prior to the stringing of
conductors.
iii.)It shall be ensured that all current carrying parts are smooth and
without dirt, grit, cuts, abrasions, projections etc.
iv.)Damaged insulators and strings shall not be used in the assemblies.
Insulators which have cracks or chip or those having glazing defects
exceeding half a centimeter Sq. shall not be used
v.)Before hosting all insulators shall be deemed in a manner that will not
spoil, injure or scratch the glaze of the porcelain, but in no case shall any
oil be used for this purpose.
vi.)Security clips shall be placed properly in position for the insulator
assemblies before hosting.
vii.)For 132 KV and 220 KV lines in suspension strings the arcing horns
are used on line side only and in tension strings the arcing horn are used
both on line and tower sides
viii.)Arcing horns and Anti-corona rings shall be fitted as per
recommended practice of the manufacturer/supplier.
Way of fitting of C.C. RINGS
& GRADING RINGS ?

C.C. RING GRADING RING

 PAYING OUT OF PILOT
WIRE:
A pilot wire is used to pull the conductor. The
pilot wire is initially laid through the centre
wheel of the roller.
A 12 mm dia pilot wire is generally used for
pulling of twin moose conductor.
The pilot wire can be laid length by length
and joined with pilot wire connectors or it can
be pulled from one side of the section after
each drum is paid out.
At power line crossings, the pilot wire is laid
from both sides and free ends are joined after
obtaining the shutdown of power line.
Scaffolding shall be provided for P&T and
road crossing before paying out of the pilot
wire.
POSITION OF TENSIONER AND
PULLER:
The paying out of conductor is done
generally between two tension towers.
The puller machine can be positioned
behind the tension tower on one side and
the tensioner in front of the tension tower
on the other side.
Both the machine should be securely
anchored.
Reel winder shall be positioned at a
convenient distance behind the puller.
The distance of the drums from the
tensioner shall be at least 25 to 30 mtrs.
 Puller and tensioner operating
characteristics :
Semicircular grooves with depths in the order of 0.5 or more times
the conductor diameter and with flare angles in the order of 5 to
15 from the vertical generally have been found to be satisfactory
for stringing.
The number of grooves in the bull wheel must be sufficient to
prevent the outer layer of wires of multilayer conductors from
slipping over underlying layers.
In order to avoid loosening of outer layer of strands as it passes
on bull wheel, for normal conductors having a right-hand direction
of lay for the outer wires, bull wheels should be arranged so that,
when facing in the direction of pull, the conductor will enter the
bull wheel on the left and pull off from the right side and will enter
the bull wheel on the right and pull off from the left side for
normal conductor with outer layer having left had direction of lay.
The material and finish of the grooves must be such as not to
damage the surface of the conductor.
PAYING OUT OF CONDUCTOR:

For passing the conductor through the

bull wheels of the tensioner,a 25 mm
polypropylene rope is initially wound over
each bull wheel pair in same way as the
conductor will pass during running. The
ropes are connected to the conductors.
The rope is pulled by starting the
tensioner at low pay out tension to pass
the conductor through bull wheel and are
brought out through the guide rollers.
The pilot wire is attached to the other
end of conductor with swivel joint.
PAYIONG-OUT OF
CONDUCTOR
PAYING OUT OF CONDUCTOR:

At the puller side, the pilot wire is pulled

to remove slackness using the reel winder.
The wire is passed through bull wheel of
the puller and connected to the reel
winder machine.
The tensioner can be initially set for a
tension of 2 to 2.5 tonnes.
The puller is started to draw up the pilot
wire until the bull wheels of the tensioner
start moving.
The tension in the tensioner must be
adjusted so that the conductors travel well
over the ground.
 ROUGH SAGGING OF
CONDUCTOR:

Before final sagging the conductor, it is rough

sagged to a tension slightly less than the final
tension.
Since final sagging is done from one end of the
section, the conductor is initially attached to the
double tension string assembly on other end.
Double tension string assembly is assembled with
insulators and hardware and hoisted to the cross
arm.
The dead end cone is compressed on both the sub
conductors ends. The conductor is held by come-
along clamps at a distance of 5 to 6 mtrs.
From the dead end cone and with the help of a
pulley connected to a ground anchor, the conductor
is pulled to slacken the free end of the conductor.
By holding the conductor with pulley, the dead end
cones are attached to the tension string. The pulley
is slowly released. the come-along clamp and pulley
etc. are removed.
 STRINGING ROUGH
SAGGING
Pilot wire is connected to the conductor
throuh head board.
Pilot wire will be pulled with the help of
puller by maintaining required tension on
the conductor with the help of Tensioner.
Conductor will be pulled up to the rough
sag level.
Will not be allowed at rough sag level for
more than 96 hours.
 STRINGING OF
EARTHWIRE:
Paying out of Earthwire:
Normally stringing of earthwire is done manually since
handling of earthwire is easy and it does not get damaged
easily.
First, earthwire rollers are provided on the earthwire
peaks of all the suspension towers in the section.
A lineman/fitter may be kept on each tower to ensure free
running of rollers with red and green flag and whistle.
Earthwire is pulled from tower to tower manually or by
using tractor.
After reaching the next tower the earthwire is passed
through the suspended earthwire rollers with the help of
a polypropylene rope and paying out is continued further.
After one length of earthwire reel is exhausted, the
second length of wire is paid out for the balance section.
Midspan joint for earthwire is compressed on the ground
joining the two lengths.
 How Final sag is done? What are
the various steps involved ?

Temperature difference should be

considered or not during final sag ?

What are the consequences of not

changing the sag board for overall
day temperatures?
 FINAL SAGGING OF
CONDUCTOR:
The sagging of the conductor shall be done
using sagging winches. After being rough
sagged the conductor shall be allowed to
hang in the stringing blocks for more than
96 hrs. before being pulled to the specified
sag.
The tensioning and sagging shall be done in
accordance with the approved stringing
charts before the conductors are finally
attached to the towers through the
insulator strings.
Preparation of Stringing
Chart
Eq. Span less than Normal Span
32 deg.C No wind condition.
Eq. Span more than Normal Span
32 deg.C Full wind condition.
Catenary curve
 Preparation of Stringing
Chart
Eq. Span less than Normal span
For conductor
All the calculation shall be based upon maximum
working tension of 3614 kgs at 32 deg. C and no wind
pressure provided that tension of 8048 kgs at 32 deg.
C and 161 kg/sqm. Wind pressure is not exceeded.
For Earthwire
All the calculation shall be based upon maximum
working tension of 1212 kgs at 32 deg. C and no wind
pressure provided that tension of 3360 kgs at 32 deg.
C and 200 kg/sqm. Wind pressure is not exceeded.
 Preparation of Stringing
Chart
Eq. Span more than Normal span
For conductor
All the calculation shall be based upon maximum
working tension of 8048 kgs at 32 deg. C and 161
kg/sqm. Wind pressure provided that tension of 3614
kgs at 32 deg. C and no wind is not exceeded.
For Earthwire
All the calculation shall be based upon maximum
working tension of 3360 kgs at 32 deg. C and 200
kg/sqm. wind pressure provided that tension of 1212
kgs at 32 deg. C and no wind is not exceeded
 STRINGING FINAL
SAGGING
Sag boards are tied.
Final sagging will be carried out with
the help of winch machine.
Check the final sag.
Mark the conductor.
Connect to the tower with the help of
tension clamp
 STRINGING CLIPPING &
SPACERING
After completion of final sagging.
Clipping work will be carried out at all
the suspension towers.
Spacers will be placed as per the
spacer placement chart.
FINISHING ACTIVITIES STEPS
AND PRECAUTIONS
CLIPPING AND SPACERING
Before taking up clipping, the conductor
should be earthed to avoid any electrical
hazards.
Conductor should be marked properly to
ensure the verticality of the insulator
string after placing the suspension
clamps.
Ensure to provide specified No. of
armour rods.
FINISHING ACTIVITIES STEPS
AND PRECAUTIONS
All the other components of
suspension clamps have been
properly provided as specified
None of the components of
suspension clamps is damaged.
All the bolts & nuts have been
properly tightened.
All the split pins have been provided
 FINISHING ACTIVITIES STEPS
AND PRECAUTIONS
SPACER FIXING
Spacers shall be provided as per approved
placement chart.
Necessary precaution shall be taken while
crossing any LT/HT line.
All components of the spacer shall be properly
fitted as per the approved drawing.
None of the components shall be damaged.
Requisite No. of retaining rods are provided.
All bolts & nuts are properly tightened
 What should be the jumper
arrangement in various types of T/M
lines?
 What is the method for measuring

jumper ?
Ensure proper earthing
Length of the jumper shall be carefully measured to
ensure the parabolic shape with requisite live metal
clearance and the jumper drop.
Ensure the sub conductor lengths so that jumper lies in
horizontal position.
Jumper cone shall be compressed as per the approved
drawing.
All nuts and bolts shall be properly tightened.
Spacers shall be provided as per specifications.
Ensure correct No. of insulators in the pilot insulator strings
and use balancing weights if required
 FINISHING ACTIVITIES STEPS
AND PRECAUTIONS
Jumper cone shall be compressed as per
the approved drawing.
All nuts and bolts shall be properly
tightened.
Spacers shall be provided as per
specifications.
Ensure correct No. of insulators in the pilot
insulator strings and use balancing
weights if required.
 FINSHING ACTIVITIES FINAL
CHECKING
Once the line is completed in all respects
final checking of the line is to be carried
out to identify balance left over works and
attend the same immediately.
As per POWERGRIDs practice a team
comprising of Executives/JEs , Technicians
shall be assigned to check the line
thoruoughly to identify any defects as per
the prescribed format.
 FINISHING ACTIVITIES FINAL
CHECKING
The following are normally checked
during the final checking.
Backfilling is complete
Coping is completed
Earthing is completed
Left over soil of the excavation is
uniformly distributed.
 FINISHING ACTIVITIES FINAL
CHECKING
Any missing/buckled tower members
All the dummy holes are bolted or
not
All the bolts & nuts are fixed
All the statutory requirements such
as NP/DP/PP/ACDs are fixed or not.
Any broken insulators are existing.
Correct No. of insulators used
 FINSHING ACTIVITIES FINAL
CHECKING
All the hardware fittings are fixed
Jumpers are properly placed and
their clearance is in order
Requisite No. of armour rods are
provided at suspension clamps.
Check all the cotter/split pins are
provided.
Damages to the conductor.
 FINISHING ACTIVITIES FINAL
CHECKING
Requisite No. of spacers are provided.
Minimum Ground clearance at the nul point.
Vibration dampers are fixed as per the
damper placement chart.
Any damages to the earthwire and its
fittings.
Earth wire VD are placed as per the
placement chart.
All the copper bonds are provided.
FINISHING ACTIVITIES FINAL
CHECKING
Any trees are existing in the right of way.
Minimum clearance is available at power
line/NH/Railway line crossings etc.
Any deviations shall be recorded and
signatures of both the checking person
and the representative from construction
department shall sign the formats.
 FINISHING ACTIVITIES FINAL
CHECKING
All the defects identified by the final
checking team are to be attended by
the contractor. The same shall be
ensured by carrying out the final
checking of the locations where
defects are identified before giving
submitting the application for final
charging to CEA.
 Thank you.