The EARTH by MCJC

SOME FACTS ABOUT THE EARTH

Earth is the only planet to be named in English. The

word Earth is Old English word for "land

Earth belongs to the Milky Way Galaxy, Local Group

Cluster and Virgo Super Cluster

Earth is the only planet to sustain life

Earth is believed to be existent for 450 million years

& evidences are from 225 million years
SOME FACTS ABOUT THE EARTH
 SOME FACTS ABOUT THE EARTH

Earth is the third planet from the sun

Earth is the fifth largest planet in the universe

The distance of the earth from the sun is 149,600,000 km

The diameter of the sun is 100 times the diameter of the

earth

The mass of the earth is 5.972 x 1024 kg

The Surface area of earth is 510,072,000 km

 SOME FACTS ABOUT THE EARTH

Before 500 BC, people thought that earth was flat. But
thanks to scientists like Aristotle and Pythagoras, people
know that the shape of the earth is spherical. However Sir
Isaac Newton showed that the earth was not a perfect
sphere, but a compressed spheroid.

The correct technical term to use will be oblate spheroid, a

type of ellipsoid solid formed when an ellipse is rotated
about its minor axis.

The study of size and shape of earth is called geodesy.

The diameter of earth at poles is 12715 km (minor axis)

The diameter of earth at equator is 12763 km (major axis)
 STRUCTURE OF EARTH

The structure of earth (also

referred as crosssection) is
divided into mainly four layers
namely Crust, Mantle, Inner
Core and Outer Core.
STRUCTURE OF EARTH
STRUCTURE OF EARTH

Divisions,Thickness & Materials of the layer

 STRUCTURE OF EARTH

CRUST

The outermost layer of the Earth is the crust. It is also the surface of the earth.

This comprises the continents and ocean basins and therefore it has been
classified into continental crust and oceanic crust.

The oceanic crust extends up to a distance of 0-10 kms (5-12 taken as

average) whereas the continental crust would extend up to 0-75 kms (20-70
taken as average).

The oceanic crust is mainly composed of basaltic igneous rocks, mainly of

silica and magnesium and therefore also called SIMA layer.

The continental crust is composed of crystalline and granitic rocks mainly of

silica and aluminum and therefore also called SIAL layer.
 STRUCTURE OF EARTH

MANTLE

The next layer is the mantle, which is composed mainly of iron and
magnesium silicates. It is been referred as FeMa layer.

Mantle is also where most of the internal heat of the Earth is located. It is
about 2900 km thick.

It can be subdivided into four layers namely

(1) Lithosphere (70 100 kms)
(2) Asthenosphere (100 - 350 kms)
(3) Upper Mantle (350 670 kms)
(4) Lower Mantle (670 2900 kms)

Mohorovii discontinuity, usually referred to as the Moho is the transition

boundary between the Earth's crust and the mantle.
 STRUCTURE OF EARTH

MANTLE

The lithosphere is the outermost part of the mantle immediately below the
Mohorovii discontinuity. It has a part of the tectonic plates that cover
surface of Earth.

Asthenosphere is a low seismic velocity zone where rocks are at or near

melting point. It also has a part of tectonic plates.

The lower mantle is probably mostly silicon, magnesium and oxygen

with some iron, calcium and aluminum.

The upper mantle is made up of mostly olivine and pyroxene

(iron/magnesium silicates), calcium and aluminum
 STRUCTURE OF EARTH

OUTER CORE

The third layer is outer core. The outer core is a hot and liquid layer
comprising mainly of Nickel and (liquid) Iron. Therefore it is referred as NiFe
Layer.

The outer core may also contain lighter elements such as Si, S, C, or O.

The outer core ranges from 2900 kms to 5150 kms and is 2300 km thick.

The Earth's magnetic field is believed to be controlled by the liquid outer

core. It is also believed to be the responsible force of earths rotation and
electric currents.

The transition space between outer core and mantle is called Gutenberg
discontinuity
 STRUCTURE OF EARTH

INNER CORE

The fourth layer is inner core.

This layer stretches from 5150km to 6370 km and is nearly 1200 km

thick.

The inner core is mostly made of solid iron and has little amounts of
nickel.

It is unattached to the mantle and is suspended in the molten outer core.

The inner core is believed to have the extreme temperature and pressure
conditions.

The transition region between outer core and inner core is called Lehmann
discontinuity
STRUCTURE OF EARTH
STRUCTURE OF EARTH
 COMPOSITION OF EARTH
As discussed earlier, the mass of the Earth is approximately 5.981024 kg.
When taken as a whole, the Earth's chemical composition (by mass) has been approximated
as given in the table below. The students should remember the top three with their percentages

S.No. Component Percentage

by Mass
1 Iron 34.6%
2 Oxygen 29.5%
3 Silicon 15.2%
4 Magnesium 12.7%
5 Sulfur 2.4%
6 Nickel 1.9%
7 Calcium 1.5%
8 Aluminium 1.4%
9 Trace Elements 0.8%
The Seasons of The Year

Maria del
Carmen Jaimes
Camacho
There are 4 Seasons in Each year Fall
Summer

Winter Spring
In the Summer:

It is HOT!
The sun shines a lot.
We go to the pool.
We take vacations.
School starts when
summer is almost
over.
Trees have lots of
leaves.
In the Fall:
The days get shorter.
It rains sometimes.
We go to school
everyday.
Farmers pick their
vegetables.
The birds fly south.
The leaves fall off the
trees.
In the winter:

It is COLD!
Its dark a lot.
It might snow.
It is Christmas times.
The trees do not have
leaves.
We get out of school
for two weeks.
In the spring:

The days get longer.

It rains a lot.
It is getting warmer.
School ends when
spring is almost over.
Flowers grow.
Trees get new leaves.
The birds come back.
 Trees change in every season
Summer Fall

Winter Sprin
Weather in the four seasons

This graph
shows that
spring has the
most rainy days.
We think that is
why there are so
many flowers in
the spring
Our favorite season graph

This graph
shows that most
people like
summer the
most and spring
the least.
SEASONAL CLOTHES GRAPH
This graph shows
that jackets,
gloves, and hats
are worn most in
the winter. We
think this is
because in most
places in the world
it is the coldest in
winter.
 The end
Thank you!!!!