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NAPZA Intoksikasi
NAPZA Intoksikasi
Penyalahgunaan NAPZA
The Most Common Toxic Syndromes
Cholinergic syndromes
Anticholinergic syndromes
Sympathomimetic syndromes
Opiate, sedative or ethanol intoxication
The Most Common Toxic Syndromes
Cholinergic syndromes
Common signs Common causes
Confusion
Organophosphate
central nervous system depression
carbamate insecticides
weakness
physostigmine, edrophonium
salivation
some mushrooms
lacrimation
unary
fecal incontinence
gastrointestinal craping
emesis
diaphoresis
muscle fasciculations
pulmonary edema
miosis
bradycardia
tachycardia
seizures
The Most Common Toxic Syndromes
Anticholinergic syndromes
Delusions Cocaine
Paranoia amphetamine
Tachycardia (or brandycardia if the methamphetamine (and its derivaties 3,
4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, 3, 4-
drug is a pure alpha-adrenergic agonist)
methylene-dioxymethampetamine, 3,4-
Hypertension methylenedioxyethamphetamine, and 2,
hyperpyrexia 5-dimethoxy-4-bronmoamphetamine)
Diaptoresis over-the-counter decongestants
Piloerection (phenylpropanolamine, ephedrine and
Mydriasis pseudoephedrine)
Hyperreflexia In caffeine and theophyline overdoses,similar
findings, except for the organic psychiatric
(Seizures, hypotension
signs, result from catecholamine release
dysrhythmias may occur in severe cases)
The Most Common Toxic Syndromes
Opiate, sedative or ethanol intoxication
Common signs Common causes
Coma Narcotics
respiratory depression barbiturates
miosis benzodiazepines
hypotension ethchlorvynol
brandycardia glutethimide
hypothermia methyprylon
pulmonary edema methaqualone
decreased bowel sounds hyporeflexia meprobamate
needle marks ethanol
(Seizures may occur after overdoses of some clonidine
narcotic, notably propoxyphene) guanabenz
Prinsip Penatalaksanaan Kasus Keracunan
Penatalaksanaan kegawatan
Penilaian Klinis
Dekontaminasi racun
Pemberian antidotum
Terapi suportif
Observasi dan konsultasi
Rehabilitasi
Keadaan Klinis Yang Perlu Mendapat
Perhatian
Koma
Kejang
Henti jantung
Henti napas
Syok
MASALAH KETERGANTUNGAN OBAT
= Heroin / Morfin
= Extasy
Morfin
Pneumonia
HCV / HIV
PEMAKAI SEHAT
Amfetamin 2 hari
Barbiturat 1 hari (short acting)
3 minggu (long acting)
Benzidiazepin 3 hari
Kokain 2 - 4 hari
Kodein 2 hari
Heroin 1 - 2 hari
Methadone 3 hari
Morpin 2 - 5 hari
Endorphin
(endogen morfin)
Reseptor
Opiat
1 2
Nalokson
POLA ENDORPHIN DI SSP
MCI / SAKIT HEBAT
TRAUMA
Morfin
Endorphin
Status
Imunologi
Endokarditis Overdosis
Infektif
Adiksi
Kehamilan
HIV
Dispepsia
HCV
Kel. hematologi
Pneumonia
Infeksi : Kulit drug abuse
Klinik :
1930-1940 :
Endokarditis Infektif
Septic thrombosis
Abscesses
1980 : IDU AIDS
Infeksi
Imunitas
Paparan kuman
(USA : in small area > IDU HIV)
CD4
CD8
NK
LAK (Lymphokine Activated Killer)
IL2 stimulatied NK Cell
ADCC
DTH (-)
Pneumonia Drug Abuse
(Infeksi Paru oleh karena Opiat) 1
Cukup istirahat
Hindari konsumsi alkohol, NAPZA
Hindari pemakaian obat-obat yang tidak diperlukan (obat pusing, dll)
Makan makanan yang bergizi
Konsultasi rutin dengan dokter
Interferon & Ribavirin
HIV
12 (75%) dari 16 orang ( IGD RSCM )
tahun 1999
19 orang dari POKDISUS tahun 2000
11 (45,8%) dari 24 orang
(RS. Sulianti Saroso Jakarta)
Adverse effect of Mood-Altering on pregnancy and the newborn
Amphetamines + +
Barbiturates + +
Sedative
Tranquilizers
Heroin + + + +
+ + + + + ++
Gejala Putus Obat =
Mata berair
Seperti pilek
Bersin
Keringat banyak
Tangan gemetar
Kulit angsa
CRAVING
= Suges(ti)
INTERNAL CRAVING
endorphin
EXTERNAL
CRAVING
Lebih lama 2 th ( ? )
KEPRIBADIAN ADIKSI
Alur Tatalaksana Intoksikasi Opium
-Aloanamnesa
Intoksikasi golongan opiat -Riwayat pemakaian obat
-Bekas suntikan (Needle track sign)
-Pemeriksaan urin
Emergensi
Hospitalisasi
Rehabilitasi