THE PROCESS OF EFFECTIVE ORAL COMMUNICATION

COMMUNICATION JULY 2017

PROCESS

Communication, like life is a continuous

process that we cannot possibly manipulate
or predict.

It is also unrepeatable and irreversible, thus

when we say communication is a process,
we mean that it is both dynamic and ever-
changing.
STAGES IN COMMUNICATION ORAL COMMUNICATION
JULY 2017
SPEAKER (SENDER)

Transmitter of verbal
and non-verbal
messages.
MESSAGE

The content which is

organized and encoded in
a language understood by
the speakers and
transmitted verbally or
non-verbally through
channels.
CHANNEL

The medium used by

the speakers in
encoding and
decoding messages.
RECEIVER

Decoder of the
message sent by the
speaker (and transmits
his/her response back
to the sender).
FEEDBACK

The receivers response

to the message sent by
the speaker.
 Sender

Feedback Message

Receiver Channel
COMPUTATION OF GRADES
Written Work - 25%
Quarterly Exam 25%
Performance Task 50%
Recitation: 20
Product: 20
Output: 50
Attendance:10
LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION ORAL COMMUNICATION
JULY 2017
INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

Communicating within
yourself (thinking,
remembering, feeling)
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

Communication among
a relatively small
number of people
(small group
communication)
PUBLIC COMMUNICATION

Involves speaking with

an audience.
MASS COMMUNICATION

Communication via the

use of mass media
(radio, television,
advertisement, film,
print)
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

Communication through
the use of information
technology (e-mail,
internet, mobile phone)
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION

Communication within
the workplace between
and among members in
order to carry out an
organizations objectives
and purposes
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

Communication between
and among cultural
communities and nations
to promote
understanding and
goodwill.
DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION

Communication between
progressive nations and
developing societies of the
world in order to facilitate
the total development of
individuals and nations.
TENETS OF COMMUNICATION ORAL COMMUNICATION
JULY 2017
PRINCIPLES

Communication is a
dynamic process, ever
changing and ever
moving.
PRINCIPLES

Communication is
complex. If there are
two persons speaking, in
reality, there are several
persons interacting.
PRINCIPLES

Messages are sent, not

meanings. This means that
communication does not
consist of the transmission
of meanings because it is
not transferable. Meanings
are in people not in words.
PRINCIPLES

Communication is
systematic. It follows the
basic flow of the
messages through the
different elements of
communication.
PRINCIPLES

Communication
involves communicators,
not just speakers and
lecturers.
PRINCIPLES

Communication is
proactive because the
communicators are
capable of seeing,
perceiving, analyzing
and shaping situations.
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION ORAL COMMUNICATION
JULY 2017
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

A model describes an
object, event, process or
relationship; attempts to
represent the important
features of what it
models.
ARISTOTELIAN MODEL

It was developed among

the Greeks in ancient
times. It is the most
simple and it has the
basic elements: speaker,
message and audience.
ARISTOTELIAN MODEL

Speaker Message Audience

LASSWELL MODEL

One of the earliest models

of communication which
was developed by Harold
Lasswell in 1948. it consists
of five basic elements in a
linear pattern.
LASSWELL MODEL
SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL

Originally designed for

telephone communication.
This model describes
communication as a one-
way process of transmission
and reception of messages.
SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL
SCHRAMMS MODEL

Developed by Wilbur Schramm. The model

assumed that every communicator (sender)
has within himself past and present
experiences that help him/her relate to
other communicators. These experiences
form a field of experiences from which he
draws meanings at any point of
communication.
SCHRAMMS MODEL
BERLOS MODEL

The model of communication of David

Berlo focuses on the speakers and
receivers knowledge, attitudes, socio-
cultural system, and communication
skills. The channels of communication
are focused on the five senses: seeing,
hearing, touching, smelling and tasting.
BERLOS MODEL
WHITES MODEL

Eugene White focuses

on the eight stages of
communication.
THINKING
A desire, feeling or an
emotion provides a
communicator a stimulus to
communicate a need.
SYMBOLIZING
Before a communicator can
utter a sound, he/she has to
know the code of oral
language with which to
represent his/her ideas and in
order to make his/her selection.
EXPRESSING
The communicator then uses
his/her vocal mechanism to
produce the sounds of
language accompanied by
his/her facial expression,
gestures and body stance.
TRANSMITTING
The sound waves must spread
at 1,000 ft. per second and
light waves at a speed of
186,000 miles per second to
carry the speakers message to
his/her listener.
RECEIVING
When sound waves make an impact
upon the listeners ears after which the
resulting nerve impulses reach the
brain via the auditory nerve; light
waves strike the listeners eyes after
which the resulting nerve impulses
reach the brain via the optic nerve
DECODING
The communicator
interprets the language
symbols he/she receives
and thinks further.
FEEDBACKING
The communicator may
show overt behavior like
a nod, yawn, or smile or
he/she may not show any
behavior at all.
MONITORING
The communicator is
receiving and decoding
messages about himself/
herself from his/her
audience in order to adjust
to the particular situation.
WHITES MODEL
Thinking

Monitoring Symbolizing

Feedbacking Expressing

Decoding Transmitting

Receiving
COMPARATIVE SURVEY OF THE
BASIC MODELS OF ORAL COMMUNICATION
JULY 2017

COMMUNICATION
WHITES MODEL
Models of Communication Focus and Feature
Aristotelian Model Focus: speaker, message and
listener

Feature: one way process of

communication
Lasswell Model Focus: speaker, message,
receiver, channel and effect

Feature: linear and sequential

among five basic elements of
communication
WHITES MODEL
Models of Communication Focus and Feature
Shannon-Weaver Model Focus: information source,
transmitter, receiver, destination,
noise

Feature: linear, sequential

relationship among five basic
elements
Schramms Model Focus: communicators, messages,
field of experience

Feature: interactive, circular

relationship among the elements of
communication
WHITES MODEL
Models of Communication Focus and Feature
Berlos Model Focus: source, message, channel,
receiver

Feature: almost complete as a

model but the visual presentation
suggests linearity from source to
receiver
Whites Model Focus: thinking, symbolizing,
expressing, transmitting, receiving,
decoding, feedback, monitoring

Feature: cyclical and sequential

relationship among the eight
elements
THE PROCESS OF EFFECTIVE ORAL COMMUNICATION

COMMUNICATION JULY 2017