208.

5 Minimum
Design Lateral
Forces and
Related Effects
208.5.1 Earthquake Loads and
Modeling Requirements
208.5.1.1 Earthquake Loads
Structures shall be designed for ground motion
producing structural response and seismic forces
in any horizontal direction. The following
earthquake loads shall be used in the load
combinations set forth in Section 203.
Formulas

E=Eh+Ev
Em=bEh
Where:

E the earthquake load on an element of the structure resulting

from the combination of the horizontal components and vertical
components.
Eh the earthquake load due to the base shear V, as set 4th in
section 208.5.2 or the design lateral force Fp, as set 4th 208.7
Ev the load effect resulting from the vertical components of the
earthquake ground motion and is equal to an addition of .5CaID to
the dead load effect, D, for Strength Design and maybe taken as 0
allowable stress design.
 Em - the estimated maximum earthquake force that can be
develop in the structure as set forth in section 208.5.1.1 and use in
the design of specific element of the structure, as specifically
identified in this code

b the seismic force amplification factor that is required to

account for structural over strength, as set forth in section 208.5.3.1

reliability/redundancy factor as given by the following

equation.
 rmax the maximum element story shear ratio. For a given direction
of loading, the element story shear ration is the ratio of the design
story shear in the most heavily loaded single element divided by the
total design story shear.
 Simplified Static Lateral Force procedure
may be used for the following structures of
occupancy category 4 and 5

1. Building of any occupancy (including single

family dwellings) not more than 3 stories in
height excluding basements that use light
frame construction.
2. Other building not more than 2 stories in height
excluding basements.
 3
V=

Ca
-Siesmic Coefficient(table 208-7)
V
-total design lateral force or shear at the base
given by equations 208-4,208-5,208-6,208-7,208-11
 R
-Numerical Coefficient Representative of the
inherent over strength and global ductility
capacity of lateral force resisting systems (table
208-11 and 208-13)