PENCERNAAN DAN ABSORBSI

Yulia suciati

Bagian Biokimia
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Yarsi

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AP Biology 2
 What do animals need to live?
Animals make energy
using:
food food
oxygen

Animals build bodies

using:
ATP
food for raw materials
amino acids, sugars, O2
fats, nucleotides
ATP energy for synthesis

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 KH Protein Lemak

PROSES PENCERNAAN

Monosakarida Asam Amino Monoasilgliserol

Gliserol
Asam Lemak

ABSORBSI
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 Getting & Using Food
Ingest
taking in food
Digest
mechanical digestion
breaking up food into smaller pieces
chemical digestion
breaking down food into molecules
small enough to be absorbed into cells
enzymes (hydrolysis)
Absorb
absorb across cell membrane
diffusion
active transport
Eliminate
undigested extracellular material
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 Human digestive system
Alimentary Canal

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 Ingestion
Mouth
mechanical digestion
teeth
breaking up food
chemical digestion
saliva
amylase
enzyme digests starch
mucin
slippery protein (mucus)

protects soft lining of digestive system

lubricates food for easier swallowing

buffers
neutralizes acid to prevent tooth decay

anti-bacterial chemicals
kill bacteria that enter mouth with food
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 mouth
break up food
moisten food
digest starch
kill germs

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 Ooooooh!
Zymogen!
Stomach
Functions
food storage
can stretch to fit ~2L food
disinfect food
HCl = pH 2
kills bacteria
breaks apart cells
chemical digestion
pepsin
enzyme breaks down proteins
secreted as pepsinogen
activated by HCl

But the stomach is made out of protein!

What stops the stomach from digesting itself?
mucus secreted by stomach cells protects
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stomach lining
 Major areas of the
mammalian stomach

Body

(Eckert, Fig. 15-17)

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 Small intestine
Function
chemical digestion
major organ of digestion & absorption
absorption through lining
over 6 meters!
small intestine has huge surface area =
300m2 (~size of tennis court)
Structure
3 sections
duodenum = most digestion
jejunum = absorption of nutrients & water
ileum = absorption of nutrients & water
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 Duodenum
1st section of small intestines
acid food from stomach mixes with
digestive juices from accessory organs:
pancreas
liver
gall bladder

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 What stops
Ooooooh!
pancreas
Zymogen!
from digesting
Pancreas itself
Digestive enzymes
peptidases
trypsin
trypsinogen
chymotrypsin small intestines
chimotrypsinogen
carboxypeptidase
procarboxypeptidase
amylase
Buffers
reduces acidity
alkaline solution rich in
bicarbonate (HCO3-) Explain how this is a
buffers acidity of material from molecular example of
stomach structure-function theme.
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 Getah pankreas
1. Mengandung air, protein, senyawa organik
dan anorganik.
2. Ph-nya alkalis sekitar 7,5-8,0 atau lebih
3. Mengandung enzim protease, amilase, lipase.

Protease disekresikan dalam bentuk zimogen:

- Tripsinogen Endopeptidase
- Kimotripsinogen
- Proelastase
- Prokarboksipeptidase yg merupakan
eksopeptidase
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 Tripsinogen -------------------> tripsin
enteropeptidase/enterokinase

Kimotripsinogen diaktivasi oleh

Proelastase tripsin
Prokarboksipeptidase

Tripsin ----- ikatan Aa dasar

Kimotripsin---- ikatan Aa tak bermuatan
Elastase--- ikatan disebelah Aa kecil
Karboksipeptidase----terminal ikatan
peptida----Aa tunggal.

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 mouth stomach
break up food kills germs
moisten food break up food
digest starch digest proteins
kill germs store food

pancreas
produces enzymes to
digest proteins & starch

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 Liver
Digestive System Functions
produces bile
stored in gallbladder until needed
breaks up fats
act like detergents to breakup fats

Circulatory System
Connection
bile contains
colors from old
red blood cells
collected in liver =
iron in RBC rusts &
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makes feces brown 18
 Sifat getah empedu :

1. Emulsifikasi
dpt mengemulsi lemak dlm usus dan
melarutkan as. Lemak yg tidak larut dlm
air.
2. Netralisasi kimus yg asam
3. Ekskresi kolesterol ,pigmen empedu,
obat, toksin, dan bbg substansi an
organik (Zn, Hg, Cu)

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AP Biology
 mouth stomach
break up food kills germs
moisten food break up food
digest starch digest proteins
kill germs store food
liver
produces bile
- stored in gall bladder
break up fats

pancreas
produces enzymes to
digest proteins & starch

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 Digestive enzymes

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 Produk akhir pencernaan :
Monosakarida (terutama glukosa) untuk
karbohidrat
Asam amino untuk protein
Asam lemak, gliserol, monoasilgliserol
untuk triasilgliserol
Nukleobasa, nukleosida, pentosa untuk
asam nukleat.

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 The Gradual Breakdown of Large
Starch Molecules

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 Absorption by Small Intestines
Absorption through villi & microvilli
finger-like projections
increase surface area for absorption

Ooooh
Structure-Function
theme!

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 Absorption of Nutrients
Passive transport
fructose
Active (protein pumps) transport
pump amino acids, vitamins & glucose
against concentration gradients across
intestinal cell membranes
allows intestine to absorb much higher
proportion of nutrients in the intestine than
would be possible with passive diffusion
worth the cost of ATP!
nutrients are valuable
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 Nutrient Absorption

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 Site of Absorption

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 Transport Pathways through the Cell
Membrane

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 Process of Digestion of
Carbohydrate

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 Summary of Fat Absorption

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 Sites of Secretion and Absorption into
Gastrointestinal Tract

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 Sites of Secretion, Digestion, and
Absorption

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AP Biology 45
 Carbohydrate malabsorption
Lactose malabsorption syndrome
Symptoms
- gurgling noises in the intestine
- flatulence
- diarrhea
Sucrase-isomaltase deficiency
- decrease level of sucrase
- suppression of transporter protein

Glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrom

- deficiency in transporter protein

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 Abnormalities of lipids digestion
1. Pancreatic insufficiency (chronic
pancreatitis and cystic fibrosis)
2. Acidity of duodenal content (zollinger-
Ellison syndrome)
3. Deficiency of bile salts (ileal resection)
4. Bacterial over growth (deconjugation of bile
salts)
5. Decrease intestinal cells for absorption
6. Failure of synthesis of apoproteins
(abetalipoproteinemia)
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 TERIMA KASIH
SEMOGA BERMANFAAT

YS 2014

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