Introduction to Microprocessor

by
Dr.P.Brindha
AP(SLG)/ECE
 What is a Microprocessor?

Microprocessor is a computer Central

Processing Unit (CPU) on a single chip.
It contains millions of transistors connected by
wires
Core i7 die
 Electrical Numerical Integrator and
Calculator (ENIAC)
Designed for the U.S. Army's Ballistic Research Laboratory
Built out of
17,468 vacuum tubes
7,200 crystal diodes
1,500 relays
70,000 resistors
10,000 capacitors
Consumed 150 kW of power
Took up 72 m2
Weighted 27 tons
Suffered a failure on average every 6 hours
 4-BIT MICROPROCESSORS
INTEL 4004
Introduced in 1971.
It was the first microprocessor
by Intel.
It was a 4-bit P.
Its clock speed was 740KHz.
It had 2,300 transistors.
It could execute around 60,000 instructions per
second.
Microprocessor Evolution
4004 transistors were 10 m across
Pentium 4 transistors are 0.13 m across
Human hair is about 100 m across
 INTEL 4040
Introduced in 1974.
It was also 4-bit P.
 8-BIT MICROPROCESSORS
1.INTEL 8008
Introduced in 1972.
It was first 8-bit P.
Its clock speed was 500KHz.
Could execute 50,000
instructions per second.
 2.INTEL 8080

Introduced in 1974.
It was also 8-bit P.
Its clock speed was 2MHz.
It had 6,000 transistors.
Was 10 times faster than
8008.
Could execute 5,00,000
instructions per second
 3.8085
Introduced in 1976.
It was also 8-bit P.
Its clock speed was 3 MHz.
Its data bus is 8-bit and
address bus is 16-bit.
It had 6,500 transistors.
Could execute 7,69,230
instructions per second.
It could access 64 KB of
memory.
It had 246 instructions.
Over 100 million copies were
sold.
 16-BIT MICROPROCESSORS

INTEL 8086
INTEL 8088
INTEL 80186 & 80188
INTEL 80286
 32-BIT MICROPROCESSORS

INTEL 80386
INTEL 80486
INTEL PENTIUM
INTEL PENTIUM PRO
INTEL PENTIUM II
INTEL PENTIUM II XEON
INTEL PENTIUM III
INTEL PENTIUM IV
INTEL DUAL CORE
 64-BIT MICROPROCESSORS
INTEL CORE 2
INTEL CORE I7
INTEL CORE I5
INTEL CORE I3