The parts of speech indicates

how the word functions in

meaning as well as
grammatically with in the
sentence.
Parts of speech are

 Noun
 Pronoun
 Adjectives
 Verbs
 Adverbs
 Preposition
 Conjunctions
 interjections
Nouns
 A noun is a word that identifies a person, animal,
place, thing or idea.
ex: boy, Roy, cat, Trincomalee
Types of noun
1. Common nouns:
Name people or things that are not specific.
Ex:teacher,doctor,girl,school
Common noun cont…….
Features
a. Plural form Ex: teachers, doctors
b. Articles can be used (a, an, and the) Ex: a teacher, an
animal, the minister
c. First letter is not always capital.
2.Proper noun :
 Name specific people, place, or thing.
ex : London, Amali, January, May
Features
a. No plural form.
b. Articles (a, an) cannot be used but “the” can be used
for some nouns.
c. First letter is always capital.
3. Collective noun:
 Collective noun refers to things or people as a unit.
 Ex : class of students, bunch of flowers, gang of boys
Features
a. Have plural form. (class- - classes)
b. Articles can be used.
4. Abstract nouns
 Name nouns that you can not perceive with your five
senses.
Ex : love, happiness, badness, anger
Features
a. No plural form
b. First letter is not always capital
5. Material nouns:
 Refers to a material form which things are made.
Ex : sugar, salt, iron, soil
Features
a. No plural form
b. Articles “a, an” can not be used but “the” can be used.
6.Countable nouns :
 Name nouns that you can count.
Ex: book, pen, chair, phone

7. Uncountable nouns
 Name nouns that you can not count.
Ex : water, milk, money, chalk
Form of nouns
1. Singular
2. Plural

“s” is added to most of the singular nouns to make them

plural.
Ex : book - books
pen - pens
girl - girls
Nouns ending in “s, ss, sh, ch, o, x”add “es” to
make them plural.
Ex : bus – buses
class –classes
Lash – lashes
Watch – watches
Mango – mangos
Box - boxes

But photo – photos , fish – fish or fishes

Nouns ending in “y” add “ies” dropping “y”
Ex: city – cities
Lady – ladies
Baby – babies

But day –days, key – keys, toy – toys. Because there are
vowel letters before “y”
Nouns ending in “f” or “fe” add “ves” dropping f
or “fe”
 Calf -calves
 Half -halves
 Wife -wives
 Life -lives
Internal vowel change
 Foot-feet
 Tooth-teeth
 Man-men
 Goose-geese

Irregular form
 Child-children
 Ox-oxen
 Mouse-mice
No plural change
 Information
 Education
 Deer
 Sheep

Nouns always singular

 Advice help

 Beauty water
 Courage mercy
 milk
 Nouns that are always plural
 Jeans
 Shorts
 Trousers
 Scissors
 Spectacles

Position of noun in a sentence

Ravi is playing cricket with the class teacher.
Subject object
, b4 the preposition at the end, after
the articles
 verb
 Regular verb
 Irregular verb
 Transitive verb
 Intransitive verb
 State verb
 Event verb
 Auxiliary verb (helping verb)
Regular verb
 Both past and past participle tense are formed by
adding “ed” ( actually /t/, /d/, /id/) to the base form.
Base form walk
-s form walks
-ing form walking
Past tense walked
Past participle walked
Irregular verb
 Any verb which does not confirm to the above pattern
is an irregular verb.

 Write wrote written

 Go went gone
 Put put put
Transitive verb
 A sentence with a transitive verb can be trans