smart material

are materials that have to respond to stimuli and environmental

changes and to activate their functions according to these
changes.
The stimuli like temperature, pressure, electric flow,
magnetic flow, light, mechanical, etc can originate
internally or externally.
CLASSIFICATION OF SMART MATERIALS

• Piezoelectric materials .
• Electrochromic materials
• Electrostrictive materials.
• Magnetostrictive materials.
• Thermoresponsive materials .
• Shape Memory Alloys
• Pseudo-elastic alloys.
Piezoelectric Materials
Piezoelectric materials have two unique properties
which are interrelated. When a piezoelectric material
is deformed, it gives off a small but measurable
electrical discharge. Alternately, when an electrical
current is passed through a piezoelectric material it
experiences a significant increase in size (up to a 4%
change in volume)
application : Stadiums , airbag , shoes.
ELECTROCHROMIC MATERIALS:
Electrochromic is the ability of a material to change its
optical properties (e.g. Color) when a voltage is applied
across it. They are used in LCDs and cathodes in lithium
batteries.
Electro-rheostatic (ER) and magneto-
rheostatic (MR) materials
are fluids, which can experience a dramatic change in their
viscosity. These fluids can change from a thick fluid
(similar to motor oil) to nearly a solid substance within the
span of a millisecond when exposed to a magnetic or
electric field.

application : washing machine , car motor

 Thermoresponsive materials
Thermosponsive is the ability of materials that change
properties in response to temperature changes.
They are used on fabrics, novelty goods and scientific
applications, such as food temperature test.
Shape-memory alloy
alloys that “remember” their original shapes and
having the ability to return to original shape after
being deformed by heating

applications : industries including Medicine,

aerospace and robotics.
These materials has two
phases:

Martensite:
• Low temperature phase
• Relatively weak

Austenite:
• High temperature phase
• Relatively strong
SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOY APPLICATION
Medicine:

blood vessel
This is a medical implant which
expands when warmed to body
temperature, to widen a restricted
blood vessel.
Bone Plates
Memory effect pulls bones
together to promote healing.
SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOY APPLICATION
Robotics
Wires have the ability to flex the robotic muscles
according to electric pulses sent through the wire.
Pseudo-elastic alloys
These materials become highly elastic when deformed
and can then return to their original shape. No
temperature change is required.
<

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