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41
Depending on the type of connection, a connecting
element (bolt, rivet, pin) may be subjected to single
shear or double shear as shown.
42
Rivet in Double Shear
V P 2P
2
A d 2
d
2( )
4
Example 1.9
For the 12 mm diameter bolt shown in the bolted joint below,
determine the average shearing stress in the bolt.
43
Single Shear Double Shear
P F
ave
A A P F
ave
A 2A
The effect of shear stress is to distort the shape of a
body by inducing shear strains
The shear strain, is a measure of the angular
distortion of the body.
x
V
L
x
L (units: degrees, radians)
44
Bolts, pins and rivets create stress
in the members they connect,
along the bearing surface or
surface of contact. It is also
known as contact stress.
G (Unit : Pa)
E
G
2(1 )
48
Becauseof the change in the dimensions of a body as
a result of tension or compression, the volume of the
body also changes within the elastic limit.
58
The tensile force P causes an axial elongation of a
and lateral contractions of b and c in the x, y,
and z directions respectively. Hence,
Initial
body
60
Isotropic material is subjected to general triaxial
stress x, y and z.
Since all strain satisfy << 1, so v = x + y + z
x = 1
E
x ( y z )
y =
1
E
y ( x z )
z =
1
E
z ( x y )
1 2
v ( x y z )
E
Applied load that is less than the load the member can fully
support. (maximum load)
FS > 1
Allowable-Stress Design
If a bar is fixed at both ends, as shown in
fig. (a), two unknown axial reactions
occurs, and the force equilibrium equation
becomes;
Fy 0;
FB FA P 0
• In this case, the bar is called statically
indeterminate, since the equilibrium
equation are not sufficient to determine
the reactions.
• the relative displacement of one end of the bar
with respect to the other end is equal to zero
since the ends supports are fixed. Hence; A / B 0
B / A 0.001m
A B 0.001m
FA L AC FB L CB
0.001m
AE AE
FA (0.4m ) FB(0.8m )
0.001m
0.0025m 200 10 Nm 0.0025m 200 10 Nm
2 9 2 2 9 2
or
FA (0.4m ) FB (0.8m ) 3927.0N................( 2)
Substitute eq (1)int o eq ( 2)
FA (0.4m ) ( 20, 000N FA )(0.8m) 3927.0N
FA 16.6kN
FB 3.39kN
Example
Answer
Solution: Fy 0, FA FC FE 15(103 )N 0................(1)
CCW M C 0
FA ( 0.4) 15(103 )( 0.2) FE ( 0.4) 0 ...........( 2)
7.615103
1.3FA 1.3FE 15(10 ) 3 FA
0.8
15(103 ) 1.3FA 9.519(103 )
FE
1. 3 9.52kN
FE 11.538(103 ) FA .......................eq( 4)
Re place FA 9.52kN int o eq ( 4)
9.52kN
FE 11.538(103 ) FA
11.538(103 ) 9.52(103 )
2.02 kN
Re place FE 2.02 kN int o eq(3)
FC 0.3FA 0.3FE
0.3(9.519(103 ) 0.3( 2.02 103 )
3.462 kN