GASTRULATION

By: Nola Suryani Putri (1610422024)

Nisaun Raniyah (1610422020)
Angie Suryani (1610422023)
 The Characteristics of Gastrulation

The goal is to form three GERM LAYERS (starting from a

hollow ball of cells)

Ectoderm: Outside skin, nerves

Mesoderm: Blood, Muscle, some organs
Endoderm: Inside skin- -gut lining, inside layers of
skin
 Types of Movement in Gastrulation

Local inward buckling Inward movement of a cell Movement of individual cells

of an epithelium layer around a point or edge or small groups from an
epithelium into a cavity

Migration
Movement of individual cells over
other cells or matrix

Splitting layers of cells Spread of an outside cell layer

(sometimes used to describe (as a unit) to envelop a
coordinated ingression) yolk mass or deeper layer
Sea urchin gastrulation
Our “simple” model
 Step 1: Primary mesenchyme cells ingress

Inside

Outside (apical)

Mesenchyme cells-
cells that are unconnected to one
another and operate as
independent units
Invaginating primary
mesenchyme cells
beginning to
migrate on the
extracellular matrix
lining the blastocoel
Step 2:
Apical constriction and changes in the
extracellular matrix create a
dome-shaped invagination =
archenteron
(primitive gut)

blastopore = opening
Figure 5.19
 Step 3:
Cell intercalation (convergent extension) converts
the dome (archenteron) into an elongated tube
Step 4: Secondary mesenchyme cells at the leading edge
of the gut tube use filopodia to look for cues at the animal
pole and pull themselves to that site
Ectoderm
These secondary mesenchyme cells will become muscle (mesoderm)

Figure 5.21 Endoderm (gut)

Thank you